Anti-PD-1 re-navigates concealed IL-15 to rejuvenate tumor-specific PD-1+CD8+T cells inside the tumor microenvironment

The authors engineer an anti-PD-1-concealed sIL-15 fusion protein (aPD-1-IL-15-R), eliciting extraordinary antitumor immunity with negligible toxicity. aPD-1-IL-15-R largely expands tumor-specific CD8+T for effective tumor rejection through cis-delivery and further controls metastasis. Overall design: TILs were isolated from MC38 tumor-bearing mice 48 hours after the 2nd injection of aPD-1-IL-15-R. Total RNA extraction, mRNA library construction, and sequencing were established by BGI (Beijing, China)