Global assessment of ecosystem overfishing for Large Marine Ecosystem (LME) types and the open sea (FAO areas) during 2000�C2004.

Calculations take into account official catch data and official data corrected with discards and unreported catches (sources: 13�C17, and additional simulations). EMSC values for individual LMEs and the open sea (FAO areas) in 2004 have been pooled together to yield global EMSC on a marine biome basis. LME: Large Marine Ecosystems (n = 66); FAO areas: open sea areas excluding LMEs (n = 17); TE: Transfer efficiency (median); P1: mean primary production (gC��m?2��yr?1); TLc: mean trophic level of the catch; Total catch for 2004 assuming landings with discards and 30% IUU estimates (103��yr?1). PPR(%): mean primary production required to sustain the catch relative to primary production; L index: mean Loss in production index; Psust(%): mean probability of being sustainably fished. EMSC: Ecosystem-based Maximum Sustainable Catches with psust = 75% (EMSC75) and psust = 95% (EMSC95) in 2004 (103��yr?1). (*) Scenarios include official catch (1), landings with discards and 30% IUU estimates (2), landings with discards and 50% IUU estimates for LME and 100% IUU for FAO open sea areas (3).