The influence of meal and food markets in fruit and vegetable consumption among adults in the city of São Paulo

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Despite the increased consumption of fruits and vegetables in the Brazilian population, a great proportion of people do not meet the recommendations. Purchasing sites associated with fruit and vegetable consumption has not been widely explored. Objective: To explore the association between fruit and vegetable purchasing and consumption sites and the consumption of these foods among adults living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 2 thousand individuals living in the city of São Paulo, aged between 20 and 59 years, participants of the “Obesogenic Environment Study in São Paulo”. The outcome was fruit and vegetable consumption measured by weekly consumption. Exposure variables included purchasing sites (supermarkets, open-air food markets, fruit and vegetable specialized markets, and corner stores) and consumption sites (full service restaurants and fast food restaurants). Results: The sample comprises women (52.3%) aged between 25 and 34 years (30.2%), with at least 8 years of schooling (42.8%) receiving 2 to 5 minimum wages (34.6%). Demographic and socioeconomic variables showed association with regular consumption of fruits and vegetables (p < 0.05). The regular consumption of meals in full service restaurant was associated with vegetables consumption. The regular consumption of meals in fast-food restaurants was not associated with vegetables consumption. Food purchasing sites were not associated with fruit or vegetable consumption. Conclusion: The choice of restaurant type was associated with vegetable consumption. In the studied population, food purchasing sites were not associated with fruit or vegetable consumption.摘要： 研究背景：尽管巴西民众的果蔬消费量有所提升，但仍有相当比例的人群未达到膳食推荐摄入量。与果蔬消费相关的采购渠道尚未得到广泛探索。 研究目的：探讨巴西圣保罗市成年居民果蔬采购场所、消费场所与该类食物摄入量之间的关联。 研究方法：本研究为横断面研究，纳入圣保罗市2000名年龄在20至59岁之间的成年参与者，均为「圣保罗致肥胖环境研究（Obesogenic Environment Study in São Paulo）」的受试对象。结局指标为通过周摄入量评估的果蔬消费情况。暴露变量包括采购场所（超市、露天食品市场、果蔬专营店及街角便利店）与消费场所（全服务餐厅及快餐店）。 研究结果：样本中女性占比52.3%，年龄分布以25至34岁人群最多（30.2%），受教育年限至少8年者占42.8%，月收入处于2至5倍最低工资区间者占34.6%。人口学及社会经济变量与果蔬规律摄入量存在统计学关联（p < 0.05）。在全服务餐厅规律就餐与蔬菜摄入量存在关联；而在快餐店规律就餐与蔬菜摄入量无关联。果蔬采购场所与果蔬摄入量均无显著关联。 研究结论：餐厅类型的选择与蔬菜摄入量存在关联。在本次研究的人群中，果蔬采购场所与果蔬摄入量无显著关联。