the supplrmentary files: Gut microbiota's causal effects on diabetic neuropathy via circulating metabolites/proteins:A Mendelian randomization.

Current research indicates gut microbiota (GM) involvement in diabetic neuropathy (DN). However, the causal relationship and the possible mediating roles of circulating metabolites/proteins remain unclear. This study employs Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate causality and evaluate the mediating role of circulating metabolites/proteins. Summary data for GM were obtained from the MiBioGen consortium, while information on 529 circulating metabolites and 2,994 circulating proteins was sourced from the GWAS Catalog. DN data were derived from the FinnGen R12 repository. To exclude reverse causality, we applied the Steiger directionality test, followed by MR to examine potential links between GM and DN. Furthermore, two-step MR and multivariable MR (MVMR) were performed to identify circulating metabolites and proteins with potential mediating effects.