国外松优良种质创制及良种繁育关键技术研究与应用

本项目属林学林木遗传育种学领域。湿地松、火炬松等国外松是我国南方商品用材林、松脂原料林和生态治理建设的主栽树种。为改变国外松造林大量依赖进口种子局面、保障南方人工林产业高效发展，项目以奠定外来树种国产化育种的物质和技术基础、构建我国自主的良种生产体系为目标，研究建成了种质创新和高效繁育技术体系，构建了两树种多世代育种群体平台，建设了多目标高增益种子园，研建了种间杂交优良品系选育与杂种苗木产业化扩繁技术和生产系统。主要研发成果有： 1.开发了木材密度、产脂等多项品质性状便捷测定选优新技术，全面揭示了材、脂生产目标性状的遗传变异规律 收集保存了遗传多样性丰富的高品质优树资源，筛选核心种质交配制种创制高世代选育材料，构建了全国国外松育种群体系统平台，已完成第2代育种程序，组建了第三代选择群体 开展种间杂交配制了湿地松、火炬松与加勒比松六类杂种的杂交组合690个，划定了适宜杂种的造林应用区域。优异种质创新为我国国外松良种生产体系建设和持续提升奠定了遗传资源战略基础。 2.构建湿地松、火炬松良种生产基地建设和高效生产技术体系，保障国产良种自给目标。遗传品质与生殖特性综合评价对1代种子园去劣改造或重建为1.5代种子园，实现现实增益15~20%，优选高增益种质新建2代及高产脂种子园，预期现实增益20~40% 系统研究制定了杂交松品系采穗圃经营管理制度，优化穗条扦插条件，年亩产穗条达10万支以上、亩产苗1.5万株，形成实用高效的杂种苗木产业化生产技术体系。 3.分别栽培区选育速生优质用材和脂用良种，获审认定种子园、家系和杂交良种39个。阐明了优良家系速生丰产的生理机制和杂种优势分子基础，创新种子园家系良种造林应用模式，制定了杂交松家系良种无性化利用与无性系良种选繁利用技术程序，使国外松造林良种化从种子园良种水平跨越到家系和无性系良种水平。国产1.5代种子园种子造林表现达到或超过进口美国2代种子园种子，优良家系造林较种子园混系提高产量30%以上，杂交松良种较母本提高产量50%以上，湿加松品系在华南地区已成为主栽树种，造林规模世界第一，火加松品系在中北亚热带地区实现生产性应用。

This project falls within the field of forest genetics and tree breeding in forestry science. Exotic pine species such as slash pine (Pinus elliottii) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) are major cultivated tree species for commercial timber plantations, resin raw material plantations and ecological restoration and construction in southern China. To reverse the situation where afforestation with exotic pines heavily relies on imported seeds and ensure the efficient development of southern China's plantation forest industry, this project aims to lay the material and technical foundation for the domestic breeding of exotic tree species and establish China's independent improved variety production system. Through research, a germplasm innovation and efficient propagation technology system has been developed, a multi-generational breeding population platform for the two pine species has been constructed, multi-target high-gain seed orchards have been established, and a technology and production system for selecting excellent interspecific hybrid lines and industrialized propagation of hybrid seedlings has been established. The main research and development achievements are as follows:
1. New convenient determination and selection technologies for multiple quality traits including wood density and resin yield have been developed, and the genetic variation rules of target traits for timber and resin production have been comprehensively revealed. High-quality superior tree resources with rich genetic diversity have been collected and preserved; core germplasm has been screened for cross breeding to create high-generation selection materials, and a national systematic platform for exotic pine breeding populations has been established, with the 2nd generation breeding procedure completed and the 3rd generation selection population established. Interspecific hybridization has been conducted, and 690 hybrid combinations of six types of hybrids between slash pine, loblolly pine and Caribbean pine have been prepared, with the suitable afforestation application areas for these hybrids delimited. The excellent germplasm innovation has laid a strategic genetic resource foundation for the construction and continuous improvement of China's exotic pine improved variety production system.
2. A technology system for the construction of slash pine and loblolly pine improved variety production bases and efficient production has been established to ensure the self-sufficiency goal of domestic improved varieties. Through comprehensive evaluation of genetic quality and reproductive characteristics, the 1st generation seed orchard has been upgraded or reconstructed into a 1.5th generation seed orchard, achieving an actual gain of 15-20%. High-gain germplasm has been selected to newly build 2nd generation and high-resin-yield seed orchards, with an expected actual gain of 20-40%. The management system for scion orchards of hybrid pine lines has been systematically studied and formulated, and the cutting conditions of scions have been optimized, realizing an annual yield of over 100,000 scions per mu and 15,000 seedlings per mu, forming a practical and efficient industrialized production technology system for hybrid seedlings.
3. Fast-growing, high-quality timber and resin-use improved varieties have been selected according to cultivation regions, with 39 approved and certified seed orchards, families and hybrid improved varieties obtained. The physiological mechanism of fast-growing and high-yield of excellent families and the molecular basis of heterosis have been elucidated. The afforestation application model for improved varieties of seed orchard families has been innovated, and the technical procedures for asexual utilization of hybrid pine family improved varieties and selection and propagation of clonal improved varieties have been formulated, enabling the improved variety utilization of exotic pine afforestation to leap from the seed orchard improved variety level to family and clonal improved variety level. The afforestation performance of seeds from domestic 1.5th generation seed orchards has reached or exceeded that of imported US 2nd generation seed orchard seeds. Afforestation with excellent families increased yield by more than 30% compared with mixed lines from seed orchards, and hybrid improved varieties increased yield by more than 50% compared with their female parents. The slash pine × Caribbean pine (wet pine hybrid) lines have become major cultivated tree species in South China, with the largest afforestation scale in the world, while the loblolly pine × Caribbean pine (loblolly-Caribbean pine hybrid) lines have been applied in production in the mid-northern subtropical regions.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于国外松（如湿地松、火炬松）的优良种质创制与良种繁育关键技术研究。项目通过开发种质创新和高效繁育技术体系，构建了多世代育种群体平台和高增益种子园，旨在实现国产良种自给并提升造林产量。研究成果包括选育出39个良种，使国产种子表现达到或超过进口水平，显著提高了木材和松脂的生产效益。