Archaeological ash deposits and soils formed on ash in the south of the East European Plain

Sampling ash deposits and soils formed on ash in the south of the East European Plain was carried out in each of the soil-stratigraphic sections at archaeological sites of different ages (Fig. S1). Stratigraphic columns with ash deposits and soils formed on them are presented in supplementary materials (Fig. S2–S4). Location of research objects (ash soil and ash deposits) within the continental forest-steppe, Belgorod Oblast (A) and within the Plain (steppe) and Piedmont (forest-steppe) Crimea (B). Archaeological sites: Borisovka, mid-5th c. (1); Chernomorskoe, Bronze Age and Early Iron Age settlement (2); Kunan, 2nd c. BC (3); Airchi, 2nd c. BC – 1st c. AD (4); Kalos Limen, 1st c. BC – 1st c. AD (5); Former village of Saya, before 1944 (6); Former village of Oirat, before 1944 (7); Borut-Khane, 1st c. BC – 1st c. AD (8); Ak-Kaya, 350–325 AD (9); Zayachye, 3rd – 2nd c. AD (10); Kermen-Kyr, 3rd – 2nd c. AD (11). Stratigraphic columns with ash deposits and soils formed at archaeological sites of different ages.