Cross-Boder Trade of Marine Cured Fish Products Imported From Joal-Fadiouth (Senegal) and Korhogo (Cote D’ivoire)

Senegalese, Malians and Guineans are the main actors in the Tann processing site. The Ivoirian are exclusively importers of cured fish products cross border traded between Joal (Senegal) and Korogho (Cote d’Ivoire). The trucks owners are generally Senegalese and the loads are transporters by road from Joal to Korogho, via Bamako. The Ivoirian importers, mainly wholesalers, make their orders to processors from Joal. Generally, transport trucks are loaded with an estimated load of 42.750 tons for shipment from Senegal to Côte d’Ivoire, via Mali ad the transport cost is at US$ 3,278 (XOF 2,000,000). This trans-border transport involves four customs border posts as shown in figure 2. The customs fees are same at the different borders posts at Senegal- Mali and Mali- Cote d’Ivoire and estimated in total at US$ 360.79 (XOF 220,000). At the ECOWAS level, the goal of many projects implemented is on trade facilitation, removal of checkpoints and harmonization of trade laws and reduction of trade taxes and other fees. The comparison of the freshwater cure fish products originating from Mali and the marine products from Senegal shows that the price is the cured freshwater fish is 1.5 to 2.67 times higher for freshwater fish Under the WAEMU regulation, fish products are not subject to taxes; only the 1% applies under the TEC. At the level of customs border posts, the customs fees are harmonized and the regional insurance for vehicles and the project to facilitate transit of goods are enabling environment putting inter regional trade in ECOWAS the highest of the continent. These activities make a profit margin of US$ 26,476.26 per truck. It is important to remember that, a group of at least five importers who put together funds to carry out this operation. Therefore the benefits resulted should be divided by at least 5 actors according to their shares. The cured fish import had shown it is profitable but it is highly informal and risky because no regular supply, no accurate information on product prices and trucks used for transport are not in good repair. Despite the high benefits generated, the lending commercial Banks in the sub region show little interest in providing credit to the segment of the fishery sector. This mainly because no forecast possible on the volumes and values of cured fish imported and how much profits expected yearly. In addition, the high illiteracy of actors, the use of poor processing technics and poor packaging and storage conditions result in low quality products and high losses after processing and transport. Furthermore, the association of processors, transporters and importers are empty shell, wick, and lack of leadership and governance. This situation does not help to boost a Public and Private sectors dialogue.塞内加尔人、马里人与几内亚人是坦（Tann）鱼加工点的主要参与方。科特迪瓦人仅作为咸鱼制品的进口商，承接塞内加尔若阿爾（Joal）与科特迪瓦科羅戈（Korogho）之间的跨境贸易业务。货运卡车的车主大多为塞内加尔人，货物经巴马科（Bamako）通过公路从若阿爾运往科羅戈。通常，每辆货运卡车的载货量约为42.750吨，经马里从塞内加尔运往科特迪瓦（Côte d’Ivoire），单次运输成本为3278美元（约合200万非洲金融共同体法郎（Franc de la Communauté Financière d'Afrique, XOF））。该跨境运输涉及四个海关边境口岸，详见图2。塞内加尔-马里边境与马里-科特迪瓦边境各口岸的海关规费标准一致，总费用约为360.79美元（约合22万非洲金融共同体法郎XOF）。在西非国家经济共同体（Economic Community of West African States, ECOWAS）框架下，诸多已实施项目的目标均围绕贸易便利化、撤销边境检查站、协调贸易法规以及降低贸易税与其他规费展开。对比马里产的咸淡水腌制鱼制品与塞内加尔产的海产鱼制品可见，咸淡水腌制鱼的售价是海产鱼的1.5至2.67倍。根据西非经济与货币联盟（West African Economic and Monetary Union, WAEMU）的相关规定，鱼制品无需缴纳税费；仅需按照共同对外关税（Tarif Extérieur Commun, TEC）缴纳1%的税款。在海关边境口岸层面，海关规费已实现协调统一；车辆区域保险与货物过境便利化项目共同营造了有利环境，使得西非国家经济共同体区域内的贸易规模位居非洲大陆之首。该跨境贸易活动的单车利润率可达26476.26美元。需特别说明的是，此类业务通常由至少5名进口商联合出资开展，因此最终收益应根据各方持股比例由至少5名参与方共同分配。咸鱼制品进口业务虽具备盈利性，但整体处于高度非正规化状态且风险较高：缺乏稳定的供货渠道，产品价格与运输车辆状况的相关信息不准确，且多数运输车辆年久失修。尽管该业务可产生可观收益，但该次区域的商业银行却鲜有意愿向渔业领域的该细分板块提供信贷支持，究其原因主要是无法对咸鱼制品的进口量、进口额以及年度预期利润进行有效预测。此外，参与方普遍受教育程度较低、加工工艺落后、包装与仓储条件不佳，导致产品质量低下，且在加工与运输过程中损耗率较高。此外，加工商、运输商与进口商组成的行业协会形同虚设，缺乏领导力与治理机制。此类情况不利于推动公私部门间的对话协作。