Pre- and post-storage applications of rhamnolipids and cyprodinil + fludioxonil against <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Nigri</i> population and ochratoxin A contamination of grapes
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Grapevines constitute a very important crop in Greece and ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination of grapes is one of the most serious problems. The main aim of this study was to investigate the fungicidal activity of the fungicide Switch 62.5WG (37.5% v/v cyprodinil + 25% v/v fludioxonil) and Rhapynal (80% rhamnolipids) to reduce the black <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. (section <i>Nigri</i>) population and OTA contamination of grapes grown in Greece. Applications with the above products were conducted both at the harvesting stage and after cold storage. The results showed that pre-harvest applications with Switch 62.5WG or Switch 62.5WG + Rhapynal generally reduced the black <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. population, but not the OTA contamination of grapes. However, a repeated application after cold storage further reduced the black <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. population and significantly reduced the OTA contamination of grapes. Generally, this study showed that it is possible to reduce the black <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. population, but not the ochratoxin A contamination of grapes by spray applications with the fungicide Switch 62.5WG. However, fungicide application to grapes immediately after cold storage (2 months) could reduce ochratoxin A contamination of grapes and further reduce the black <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. population.
葡萄是希腊极为重要的经济作物，而葡萄受赭曲霉毒素A（Ochratoxin A, OTA）污染是其面临的最严峻问题之一。本研究的主要目的是探究杀菌剂Switch 62.5WG（含37.5%体积比嘧菌环胺+25%体积比咯菌腈）与Rhapynal（含80%鼠李糖脂）的杀菌活性，以期降低希腊种植葡萄中的黑曲霉菌群（黑曲霉组，Aspergillus section Nigri）种群数量及OTA污染水平。上述药剂的施药处理分别在采收期及冷藏后进行。结果表明，采收前施用Switch 62.5WG或Switch 62.5WG+Rhapynal通常可降低黑曲霉菌群的种群数量，但无法改善葡萄的OTA污染状况。但若在冷藏后追加一次施药，则可进一步降低黑曲霉菌群的种群数量，并显著降低葡萄的OTA污染水平。总体而言，本研究证实，仅通过喷施Switch 62.5WG杀菌剂，可降低黑曲霉菌群的种群数量，但无法有效改善葡萄的赭曲霉毒素A污染。不过，在冷藏（2个月）后立即对葡萄施用杀菌剂，可降低葡萄的赭曲霉毒素A污染水平，并进一步降低黑曲霉菌群的种群数量。
