Near-Real-Time Monthly Water Body Dataset of the Yellow River Basin (2000–2024)

This dataset provides a near-real-time monthly water body distribution for the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2024 at a spatial resolution of 30 m. The dataset was constructed based on the JRC Monthly Water History product and recent Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 optical imagery. Misclassification correction and a two-stage gap-filling framework integrating hydrological knowledge and a self-supervised deep learning model (SGTU-Net) were applied to improve spatial continuity and temporal consistency. Each monthly GeoTIFF file contains two bands: (1) surface water classification (1 = water, 2 = non-water) and (2) a quality control (QC) band indicating data provenance. This dataset supports long-term surface water dynamics analysis, reservoir regulation assessment, and basin-scale hydrological studies in the Yellow River Basin.