Biochar effects on greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural upland systems

Soil biochar amendment offers a viable strategy for enhancing carbon sequestration and mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although extensive research has documented biochar's ecological impacts, the influence of application frequency on GHG fluxes remains inadequately quantified. To address this knowledge gap, we established a three-year field experiment in an upland yellow soil agroecosystem, comparing single versus continuous biochar application regimes. We present a multifactorial dataset comprising:<br>(1) <b>GHG emissions</b> (CO₂, N₂O, CH₄) measured via static chamber-gas chromatography;<br>(2) <b>Soil physicochemical properties</b>: bulk density, water content, pH, electrical conductivity, and organic carbon;<br>(3) <b>Soil biological indicators</b>: microbial biomass carbon/nitrogen, and activities of phosphatase, sucrase, catalase, and urease.<br>This integrated dataset enables mechanistic analysis of biochar-driven GHG mitigation and supports predictive modeling of carbon-climate feedbacks in agricultural soils. All data are openly accessible to facilitate reuse in meta-analyses and ecosystem process simulations.