2019–2024 Hanjiang River Basin 10m Annual and Monthly Median Vegetation Index and Fractional Vegetation Cover Dataset

The Han River Basin is an important ecological and agricultural complex area in central China, facing multiple pressures such as land use change and ecosystem degradation. To support regional vegetation monitoring and ecological assessment, this study used Sentinel 2 satellite data and Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to construct high-precision datasets of annual and monthly median vegetation index and vegetation coverage in the Han River Basin with a spatial resolution of 10 meters from 2019 to 2024. In the data processing process, images with cloud cover less than 50% are selected, and SCL method is used to remove clouds. Savitzky Golay temporal filtering and median synthesis methods are used to calculate normalized vegetation index (NDVI) and kernel normalized vegetation index (kNDVI), and vegetation coverage (FVC_ndvi, FVC_kndvi) is inverted based on pixel binary model. To enhance temporal continuity and spatial integrity, spatial interpolation was performed on the product. Through comparison and verification with MODIS 250 meter products, the data accuracy performance is good (R ² exceeds 0.72). The final dataset adopts GeoTIFF format, WGS 84 coordinate system (EPSG: 4326), 10 meter resolution, 16 bit short integer (value × 10000), and the naming rule is "HJ_Time_Specific_cedian.tif". This dataset can provide high-resolution basic support data for vegetation dynamic monitoring, agricultural and forestry management, ecological environment assessment, etc. in the Han River Basin.