生物质多途径热解气化关键技术开发与应用
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1、创新研究流化床气化技术：研制开发出的锥形流化床气化反应器可以保证不同粒径的物料在炉内呈均匀沸腾状态，使得床层稳定、反应温度均匀 强化了气化炉内传质和传热过程，提高了热解气化强度和反应速度 创新开发出的锥体气体分布器具有气化介质分布好，拆装维护方便，有效避免物料堵塞的优点。 2、研究开发新型固定床气化技术：研制开发新型上吸式固定床气化炉适用于块状原料，能源利用率提高46%，适用于最高含水率达45%的生物质原料，机械化和自动控制程度高 研制开发新型下吸式固定床气化炉具有气化反应均匀，气化炉密封性能更好，单机规模更高的优点。研制开发出的连续出灰装置，提高了生产效率，实现了燃气连续生产。 3、开发生物质富氧、催化气化技术：在生物质气化工艺中采用了膜分离技术的富氧装置，减少惰性气体的带入，燃气热值提高30%，达到7600kJ/Nm3 创新催化气化工艺，有效地降低了煤气中焦油含量 创新研发生物质焦油裂解复合催化剂及其制备方法，具有催化活性高、强度好、成本低廉、实际应用工艺简单的优点，焦油转化率达到99％以上 研制开发出工业化焦油热裂解炉，焦油裂解率可达到95％以上，燃气焦油含量降低至10~50mg/Nm3。 4、研究开发生物质炭材料制备技术：开发副产物生物质成型炭生产工艺技术，利用成型棒热解气在热解炉内燃烧以维持热解反应温度，剩余燃气用作生活能源，使炭化过程能量合理利用 开发制取高品质副产物生物质炭技术，达到国家一级炭标准，可作为生产高品质活性炭的炭材料，产品性能优异。生产技术属于国内首创。 5、生物质热解气化过程及装备工程化应用集成技术：在研究生物质热解气化关键技术的基础上，创新集成以上技术进行工程化开发，创制出集成技术生产出高品质燃气、成型炭和炭材料等系列产品。
1、Innovation and research on fluidized bed gasification technology: The developed conical fluidized bed gasification reactor ensures uniform fluidization of materials with different particle sizes in the furnace, stabilizing the bed layer and achieving uniform reaction temperature, which strengthens the mass and heat transfer processes in the gasifier, and improves the pyrolysis gasification intensity and reaction rate. The innovatively developed conical gas distributor features excellent distribution of gasification medium, convenient disassembly and maintenance, and effectively avoids material blockage. 2、Research and development of novel fixed bed gasification technologies: A novel updraft fixed bed gasifier developed is suitable for blocky raw materials, with an energy utilization rate increased by 46%, and applicable to biomass raw materials with a moisture content of up to 45%. It has high degrees of mechanization and automatic control. The developed downdraft fixed bed gasifier features uniform gasification reaction, better sealing performance of the gasifier, and higher single-unit scale. The developed continuous ash discharge device improves production efficiency and enables continuous production of syngas. 3、Development of biomass oxygen-enriched and catalytic gasification technologies: An oxygen-enriched device adopting membrane separation technology is applied in the biomass gasification process, reducing the introduction of inert gases and increasing the calorific value of syngas by 30% to reach 7600 kJ/Nm³. The innovative catalytic gasification process effectively reduces the tar content in syngas. The innovatively developed composite catalyst for biomass tar cracking and its preparation method feature high catalytic activity, good strength, low cost, and simple practical application process, with a tar conversion rate of over 99%. The developed industrialized tar thermal cracking reactor achieves a tar cracking rate of over 95%, reducing the tar content in syngas to 10~50 mg/Nm³. 4、Research and development of biomass carbon material preparation technologies: A production process technology for byproduct biomass briquette charcoal is developed, where the pyrolysis gas from the briquettes is burned in a pyrolysis furnace to maintain the pyrolysis reaction temperature, and the remaining syngas is used as domestic energy, realizing rational utilization of energy in the carbonization process. A technology for preparing high-quality byproduct biomass charcoal is developed, which meets the national first-grade charcoal standard and can be used as a carbon material for producing high-quality activated carbon, with excellent product performance. This production technology is the first of its kind in China. 5、Engineering application integration technology for biomass pyrolysis gasification process and equipment: Based on the research of key technologies for biomass pyrolysis gasification, the above technologies are innovatively integrated for engineering development, and an integrated technology is created to produce a series of products including high-quality syngas, briquette charcoal and carbon materials.
