STYLISTIC FUNCTIONS AND SPHERES OF USAGE OF ABBREVIATIONS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK

This scientific article examines the formation, linguistic characteristics, stylistic functions, and spheres of usage of abbreviations in English and Uzbek from a comparative linguistic perspective. The study focuses on the lexical-semantic, structural, and functional characteristics of abbreviations, emphasizing their role in linguistic economy, concise information transmission, and communicative efficiency. Particular attention is given to acronyms, initialisms, graphic abbreviations, and lexical shortenings, as well as their distinctive features and patterns of usage in official, scientific, journalistic, literary, and colloquial discourse. Furthermore, the article investigates the emergence of new forms of abbreviation resulting from the development of digital communication, social media, and internet-based interaction, considering their influence on linguistic norms and speech culture. The research explores the stylistic and pragmatic functions of abbreviations, including their ability to express formality, informality, professional identity, emotional attitudes, and group affiliation in different communicative contexts. Through comparative analysis, the study identifies similarities and differences between English and Uzbek abbreviations in terms of their formation, stylistic distribution, and communicative purposes. The article presents theoretical conclusions regarding the functional significance of abbreviations in contemporary language development and their role in shaping modern communicative practices.