Deer_Counts_Deer_Groups

Deer group locations and sizes are used in assessing deer populations living on the ‘open range’. ‘Open range’ generally means open areas of habitat used mainly by red deer (for example, heather moorland). From the outset it is important to be clear that although the terms ‘count’ or ‘census’ are used, open range counting enables a population estimate to be made, but with associated error margins. Research has shown that, normally, estimates will vary by between 5 and 16%. In other words if you count 415 deer then the population estimate is at best between 348 and 481 (or at very best between 394 and 435). Open range population counts (and their resulting estimates) are therefore most likely to be useful for setting broad targets or giving an index of deer numbers as opposed to very precise population models. They are also useful for indicating trends in a series of counts. Count information can be obtained by joining table DEER_COUNT_INDEX based on COUNT_ID columns. Both Helicopter and ground counts are included in the data. The majority of the data were collected in ‘white ground’ conditions where the contrast between deer and the background of snow is maximised enabling deer to be more easily spotted. Summer counts of 'Priority' sites are also included where sites have been counted more intensively. Attribute Name Item Name Description DIGI_CALVS Digital Calves DIGI = counted from a digital photo SUM_STAGS SUM Stags DIGI + VIS combined SUM_HINDS SUMHinds DIGI + VIS combined SUM_CALVES SUM Calves DIGI + VIS combined SUM_UNCL SUMUnclassified DIGI + VIS combinedUNCL = unclassified – so generally hinds and calves combined. SUM_TOTAL SUMTotal Overall total for that group (not necessarily for the 1km2 as there may be 3 or 4 groups in the 1km2 at that point in time. COUNT_ID COUNT_ID Provides link to accompanying csv file. DIGI_HINDS Digital Hinds DIGI = counted from a digital photo VIS_TOTAL Visual Total VIS = counted visually during the count DIGI_UNCL Digital Unclassified DIGI = counted from a digital photo UNCL = unclassified – so generally hinds and calves combined. DIGI_TOTAL Digital Total DIGI = counted from a digital photo VIS_STAG Visual Stag VIS = counted visually during the count VIS_HINDS Visual Hinds VIS = counted visually during the count VIS_CALVS Visual Calves VIS = counted visually during the count VIS_UNCL Visual Unclassified VIS = counted visually during the count UNCL = unclassified – so generally hinds and calves combined. DIGI_STAG Digital Stag DIGI = counted from a digital photo本数据集依托鹿群的位置与规模数据，对栖息于“开阔生境（open range）”内的马鹿种群开展评估。“开阔生境”通常指主要供马鹿使用的开阔栖息区域，例如石楠荒原。 需特别说明的是，尽管本数据集采用“计数”或“普查”的表述，但开阔生境计数仅可生成种群估计值，且伴随对应的误差区间。相关研究表明，此类估计值的正常误差幅度为5%至16%。举例而言，若单次计数得到415只鹿，则种群估计值的最优区间为348至481只，最严谨区间则为394至435只。 因此，开阔生境种群计数（及其生成的估计值）更适用于制定鹿群管控的宏观目标，或作为鹿群数量的相对指数，而非用于构建高精度种群模型；同时也可用于体现连续计数序列中的种群变化趋势。 可通过基于COUNT_ID字段关联DEER_COUNT_INDEX表，获取本次计数的配套信息。数据集涵盖直升机计数与地面计数两类采集方式，且多数数据采集于“纯白地面”场景——此时鹿体与雪地背景的对比度达到最大，便于识别鹿群。此外，数据集还包含对“优先监测站点”的夏季计数数据，这类站点采用了更密集的计数方案。 ### 数据字段说明 1. **DIGI_CALVS**：即Digital Calves，指通过数码照片计数的幼鹿数量 2. **SUM_STAGS**：即SUM Stags，雄鹿总数量，为数码计数（DIGI）与目视计数（VIS）结果的总和 3. **SUM_HINDS**：即SUM Hinds，雌鹿总数量，为数码计数与目视计数结果的总和 4. **SUM_CALVES**：即SUM Calves，幼鹿总数量，为数码计数与目视计数结果的总和 5. **SUM_UNCL**：即SUM Unclassified，未分类个体总数量，此类个体通常为雌鹿与幼鹿的混合群体 6. **SUM_TOTAL**：即SUM Total，当前鹿群的总个体数（该数值不一定对应1平方公里范围，因为同一1平方公里区域内可能存在3至4个鹿群） 7. **COUNT_ID**：用于关联配套CSV文件的唯一标识字段 8. **DIGI_HINDS**：即Digital Hinds，指通过数码照片计数的雌鹿数量 9. **VIS_TOTAL**：即Visual Total，目视计数总个体数，指本次计数中通过目视方式统计的个体总数 10. **DIGI_UNCL**：即Digital Unclassified，指通过数码照片计数的未分类个体数量，此类个体通常为雌鹿与幼鹿的混合群体 11. **DIGI_TOTAL**：即Digital Total，指通过数码照片计数的总个体数 12. **VIS_STAG**：即Visual Stag，指目视计数的雄鹿数量 13. **VIS_HINDS**：即Visual Hinds，指目视计数的雌鹿数量 14. **VIS_CALVS**：即Visual Calves，指目视计数的幼鹿数量 15. **VIS_UNCL**：即Visual Unclassified，指目视计数的未分类个体数量，此类个体通常为雌鹿与幼鹿的混合群体 16. **DIGI_STAG**：即Digital Stag，指通过数码照片计数的雄鹿数量