Correlations of pathogen abundance within different colony types.

The number of colonies for each category is shown in parentheses. Sympatric non-CCD colonies are those that occurred in the same apiaries as CCD colonies, whereas non-sympatric colonies were sampled from different locations or in different years, or both, and thus were far removed from any diagnosed cases of CCD. The distinction is made because it was not possible to follow non-CCD colonies after sampling to determine if any subsequently experienced CCD. ABPV = acute bee paralysis virus; DWV = deformed wing virus; SBV = sacbrood virus; BQCV = black queen cell virus; IAPV = Israeli acute paralysis virus; KBV = Kashmir bee virus. Asterisk indicates a significant comparison after Bonferroni correction for multiple tests.