Student teachers' statistical anxiety, attitudes towards research, and achievements in statistics exams

Variables: Year_stdy: the year of study of the pre-service teachers (numerical ordinal variable, from 1 to 5) Level_stdy: university level of the pre-service teachers (1 = bachelor study program, 2 = master study program) Way_stdy: way of study (1 = regular, full-time study, 2 = part-time study) Age: pre-service teachers' age in years (numerical ordinal variable) High_school: type of high school attended before university (1 = gymnasium, 2 = technical/vocational school) Math_grade: grade in mathematics in high school (1 = insufficient, 2 = sufficient, 3 = good, 4 = very good, 5 = excellent) Already_stat: did pre-service teachers already have a statistics course? (1 = yes, 2 = no, 3 = currently having) Grade_stat: achievement in statistics exam (1 = insufficient, 2 = sufficient, 3 = medium, 4 = good, 5 = very good, 6 = excellent) Q9. Indicate how much you agree with the following statements. [5-point Likert; Usefulness of statistics] a. Statistics is irrelevant for me. b. Statistics is not necessarily needed by all fields. c. Statistical skills will not improve my job prospects. d. Statistics is vague. e. I don't enjoy taking Statistics classes. f. Statistical arguments are confusing. g. I barely use Statistics. Q10. Indicate how much you agree with the following statements. [5-point Likert; Self-concept] a. Statistical questions are difficult to understand. b. I don't like to do Statistics assignments. c. Statistics require strong Math skills. d. It is difficult to succeed in a Statistics course. e. Solving Statistics assignments takes time. Q11. Indicate how much you agree with the following statements. [5-point Likert; Statistical instructor] a. Statistics Instructors don't explain concepts clearly. b. Statistics seems "Greek to me" during lectures. c. I rarely meet my Statistics Professors during their office hours. d. Statistics Instructors are intimidating. e. I don't feel comfortable asking questions during a Statistics class. f. Statistics Instructors rarely smile in class. g. Statistics Instructors speak a completely different language. Q12. Indicate, how much the following activities make you uncomfortable [5-point Likert; Interpretation anxiety] a. Interpreting the meaning of a table in a journal article. b. Reading a journal article that includes some statistical analyses. c. Trying to decide which analysis is appropriate for your research project. d. Arranging to have a body of data put into the computer. Q13. Indicate to what extent you master the following. [5-point Likert] Q13a: I can find relevant scientific literature in Slovenian. Q13b: I can find scientific contributions in foreign languages. Q13c: I can formulate and write a research problem. Q13d: I can formulate and write the purpose of the research. Q13e: I can formulate and write research objectives. Q13f: I can formulate and write hypotheses. Q13g: I can select a research sample. Q13h: I can prepare a questionnaire for data collection. Q13i: When preparing a questionnaire for data collection, I rely on hypotheses. Q14. Indicate to what extent you master the following. [5-point Likert] Q14a: I can statistically process collected data. Q14b: I can present research results. Q14c: I can interpret research results. Q14d: When formulating hypotheses, I already think about how I will collect data to test these hypotheses. Q14e: When formulating hypotheses, I already think about what kind of data I will collect to test these hypotheses. Q14f: When formulating hypotheses, I already think about which statistical procedures I will use to test them. Q14g: When formulating a data collection instrument, I already think about which statistical procedures I will use to test them. Q14h: I am aware of the limitations of the research I conduct. Q14i: At the end of the research, I get ideas for further research based on the results. Q15. Indicate to what extent you agree with the following statements. [5-point Likert] Q15a: I don't like researching. Q15b: Research is important for the teaching profession. Q15c: I believe that students in teaching programs should be actively involved in research during their studies. Q15d: Students training for the teaching profession should acquire appropriate research competencies during their studies. Q15e: I believe that students in teaching programs should be involved in a research project during their studies. Q15f: I believe that students in teaching programs should conduct at least one full research study during their studies. Q15g: All students should conduct a full research study during their studies. Q15h: I believe that mastering research is important because it makes writing a final paper easier. Q15i: I believe that research is important for the profession I am training for. Q16. Indicate to what extent you agree with the following statements. [5-point Likert] Q16a: I think research is a matter for researchers and not for teaching staff. Q16b: I think it is important for me as a future teaching staff to be statistically literate. Q16c: I think it is important for me as a future teaching staff to be able to read and understand research findings in my field. Q16d: I think it is important for me as a future teaching staff to follow the latest research findings. Q16e: I think that knowledge in the field of research enables me to read and understand research critically. Q16f: I believe that research is an important element of professional development. Q16g: Research is challenging. Q16h: Research is boring. Q16i: Research is not necessary for teaching work. Q16j: Research influences professional development. Q16k: Research allows for acquiring new knowledge. Q16l: Research encourages teamwork. Q16m: Research leads to innovation. Q17: Do you want to convey anything else to the authors regarding the questionnaire?