Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in heat stress protein 70 (<i>HSP70</i>) and 90 (<i>HSP90</i>) with the susceptibility of Pakistani sheep breeds to hemoparasitic infections
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The present study was designed to report the genotypic and allelic frequency of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at 222 G > A in <i>HSP70</i> and at ex6-7390T22G in the <i>HSP90</i> gene of 204 sheep (Baluchi = 11, Kajli = 29, Latti = 06 and Mundri = 158) enrolled from District Rajanpur in Punjab and to report the susceptibility of these sheep to the blood-borne parasitic infection. The tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system–polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS–PCR) approach revealed a significant variation (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in the genotype frequency of four enrolled sheep breeds at SNP 222 G > A in the <i>HSP70</i> gene while the allelic frequency remained unaffected (<i>p</i> = 0.08). In all sheep breeds, GG (wild) genotype was most common. T-ARMS–PCR analysis revealed a similar trend for ex6-7390T22G in the <i>HSP90</i> gene and it was observed that sheep had significantly higher wild-type (GG) (<i>p</i> < 0.05) at the studied SNPs. Studied epidemiological factors (sex and sampling sites) were not found associated with both SNPs. Chi-square test revealed that no specific genotype and allelic frequency at 222 G > A in <i>HSP70</i> and at ex6-7390T22G in the <i>HSP90</i> gene of the enrolled sheep breed was associated with the susceptibility to blood-borne parasitic infection (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In conclusion, we are reporting that Pakistan is blessed to have majority of sheep, from all breeds, having wild genotype at analyzed SNPs in heat stress genes. We highly recommend the genotypic screening of sheep before their selection as breeders to reduce the possibility of having sheep with polymorphic genotypes at 222 G > A in <i>HSP70</i> and at 7390T22G in <i>HSP90</i> genes that will improve the profitability and sustainability of animal production systems in Pakistan.
