Replication Data for: In situ evidence of hydrated carbonate on Mars

Submission of the Raman spectra of minerals called nesquehonite (MgCO₃·3H₂O), dypingite (Mg₅(CO₃)₄(OH)₂·5H₂O), artinite (Mg₂(CO₃)(OH)₂·3H₂O), hydromagnesite (Mg₅(CO₃)₄(OH)₂·4H₂O), trona (Na₃H(CO₃)₂·2H₂O), and brucite (Mg(OH)₂). These minerals record interactions between water, carbon dioxide, and magnesium-rich rocks and help trace fluid evolution and carbon cycling on Mars. These minerals were measured using the analog instruments of SHERLOC (Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals) on board NASA’s Mars 2020 Perseverance rover. The rover mission was designed to explore Jezero crater, an ancient lake basin that once hosted flowing water and potentially habitable environments. One of its key instruments, SHERLOC, utilizes a laser-based Raman and fluorescence spectrometer to directly identify minerals and organic molecules on Martian rocks, providing the first microscopic view of the planet’s geochemical history and potential habitability.