Evolution and natural constraints of the ports of European Macaronesia (Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands) 19th and 20th centuries

Abstract The island ports of the European Macaronesia have followed similar development processes. This paper describes the development of the ports of Punta Delgada (Azores), Funchal (Madeira) and Arrecife and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Canary Islands) between the XIX century and middle of the XX century and analyses the similarities and differences between these locations. The port development is studied in relation to the social and economic context, as well as the natural conditions of each case. By way of general conclusions, a comparative analysis is carried out, establishing the most significant differences and similarities between these four ports and cities in the mid-northern Atlantic.