Supplementary file- data sheets

Bilateral motor training is a useful method for modifying corticospinal excitability. The effects of artificial bilateral movement on corticospinal excitability through transcranial magnetic stimulation have not been reported. We compared motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) of primary motor cortex (M1) following conventional bilateral motor training and artificial bilateral movements generated through electromyogram activity of the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle triggered peripheral nerve stimulation and TMS. Three sessions with different interventions were conducted involving healthy participants: bilateral finger training , right APB-triggered TMS of the ipsilateral M1 , and right APB-triggered contralateral median nerve stimulation . Each protocol consisted of 360 trials for 30 min each. Resting Motor Threshold showed no significant changes and MEP amplitude significantly increased up to 40 min post-intervention in all protocols. Short interval intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation changed and there were differences based on the intervention. . Thus, repetitive bilateral movements enhance corticospinal excitability, both voluntarily and artificially.