Analysis of personal and family factors in the persistence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results of a prospective follow-up study in childhood

Objectives: To study the course of ADHD during childhood and analyze possible personal and family predictor variables of the results. Method: Sixty-one children with ADHD who were between 6 and 12 years old at the baseline assessment were evaluated 30 months later (mean age at baseline: 8.70 ± 1.97; mean age at follow-up: 10.98 ± 2.19). Status of ADHD in follow-up was identified as persistent (met DSM-IV-TR criteria according to parents’ and teachers’ ratings), contextually persistent (met ADHD criteria according to one informant, and there was functional impairment) and remitted ADHD (with subthreshold clinical symptomatology). Associated psychological disorders of the three groups were analyzed in the follow-up with the Conners' Rating Scales. The groups were compared on ADHD characteristics (symptoms of ADHD and impairment), child psychopathology, executive functioning (EF; inhibition, working memory) and parenting characteristics (parental stress and discipline styles) at baselin...研究目的：探讨儿童注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的病程，并分析影响其转归的个体与家庭层面预测变量。 研究方法：纳入基线评估时年龄为6至12岁的61名ADHD患儿，于30个月后开展随访评估（基线时平均年龄为8.70±1.97岁，随访时平均年龄为10.98±2.19岁）。根据随访评估结果，将ADHD状态分为三类：持续性ADHD（依据家长与教师的评定结果符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册第四版修订版（DSM-IV-TR）》诊断标准）、情境性持续性ADHD（仅1名知情者评定符合ADHD诊断标准且存在功能损害）以及缓解期ADHD（存在阈下临床症状）。采用康纳氏评定量表（Conners' Rating Scales）对三组患儿随访阶段的共病心理障碍进行分析，并在基线时比较三组患儿的ADHD特征（ADHD症状与功能损害）、儿童精神病理状况、执行功能（EF；抑制控制与工作记忆）以及养育特征（父母压力与教养方式）……