Market Structure and Export Dynamics of Peruvian Turmeric: An Assessment of International Economic and Commercial Sustainability

The international turmeric trade has shown sustained growth, although within a highly concentrated global structure dominated by a limited number of suppliers. In this context, this study evaluates the market structure and sustainable export dynamics of Peruvian turmeric in international trade during the 2014–2024 period, with the aim of identifying its level of market concentration, competitiveness, commercial stability, and potential for international diversification. The research adopted a quantitative approach with a descriptive and explanatory scope, using secondary data obtained from Azatrade and TradeMap. Market concentration indicators, the Net Export Index, the Symmetric Revealed Comparative Advantage index, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, multiple linear regression, and the gravity model were applied. The results show that Peruvian turmeric exports increased significantly, reaching USD 7.338 million in 2024, alongside greater participation by exporting firms and destination markets. However, the export structure remains concentrated, mainly in the Netherlands, which accounted for 46% of the exported value in 2024. The RSCA confirms comparative advantages in markets such as the Netherlands, Spain, Argentina, and the Dominican Republic, although competitiveness remains uneven across other destinations. Likewise, the median duration of commercial survival was four years, revealing limited stability in export relationships. The gravity model identified untapped opportunities in Poland, South Korea, Australia, and Japan. In conclusion, Peru shows an emerging competitive insertion into the global turmeric market; however, its sustainability will depend on strengthening geographic diversification, commercial permanence, and the capacity to adapt to higher-value markets.