Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2017 - Sierra Leone

Abstract
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The survey provides statistically sound and internationally comparable data essential for developing evidence-based policies and programmes, and for monitoring progress toward national goals and global commitments. Among these global commitments are those emanating from the World Fit for Children Declaration and Plan of Action, the goals of the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS, the Education for All Declaration and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The Sierra Leone MICS results will be critically important because it forms the baselines for nearly half of Sierra Leone survey-based SGD indicators. In addition, it will also track progress on the many indicators not measured since the country’s last MICS in 2010.

Sierra Leone MICS is expected to contribute to the evidence base of several other important initiatives, including in filling data gaps for national post-MDG reporting, providing a measure of the socio-economic impact of the Ebola virus disease (EVD), as well as developing a monitoring and evaluation system for Sierra Leone’s National Programme for Food Security, Job Creation and Good Governance, the third-generation Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP3), dubbed “Agenda for Prosperity” developed in 2012.

The 2017 Sierra Leone MICS has as its primary objectives:

- To provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in Sierra Leone;

- To provide a measure of the socio-economic impact of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Sierra Leone;

- To provide additional data needed for preparing a country progress report on achieving the goals of World fit for children (WFFC), and the reporting requirements of other international development declarations and agendas;

- To contribute to the development of the national statistical system, data and monitoring systems, and strengthen national capacity in the design, implementation, and analysis of such monitoring systems.

- To obtain a nationally-representative view of the quality of water that people drink in their home and the quality of their drinking water source.;

- To contribute to the generation of baseline data for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Geographic coverage
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The national level, for urban and rural areas, four regions of the country (Northern Province, Eastern Province, Southern Province, and the West), and for the 14 districts of the country: (1) Kailahun, (2) Kenema; (3) Kono; (4) Bombali; (5) Kambia; (6) Koinadugu; (7) Port Loko; (8) Tonkolili; (9) Bo; (10) Bonthe; (11) Moyamba; (12) Pujehun; (13) Western Rural; and (14) Western Urban.

Analysis unit
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- Individuals

- Households

Universe
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The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women age 15-49 years, all men age 15-49 years and all children under 5 living in the household.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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A multi-stage, stratified cluster sampling approach was used for the selection of the survey sample. The sampling frame for the Sierra Leone MICS 2017 was based on the 2015 Sierra Leone Population and Housing Census. The primary sampling units (PSUs) selected at the first stage were census enumeration areas (EAs). A new listing of households was conducted in each sample EA, and the sample households were selected at the second stage.

A unique feature of the sampling plan for the Sierra Leone MICS 2017 is that it was coordinated with the sample design for the Sierra Leone Integrated Household Survey (SLIHS) 2017. Although the sample size and allocation for the SLIHS 2017 was different from that of the MICS 2017, the sample enumeration areas (EAs) for the MICS 2017 were selected in such a way that provided a maximum overlap between the sample EAs selected for the two surveys. In the overlapping sample EAs the two surveys shared the same listing of households, and a subsample of the MICS sample households was selected for the SLIHS so that it would be possible to have an integrated database from the two surveys for the common sample households.

SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLE ALLOCATION

In developing the sampling plans for the Sierra Leone MICS 2017 the sample design and results from the Sierra Leone MICS 2010, which had similar objectives, was first examined. The MICS 2010 was based on an overall sample of 480 sample clusters and 12,000 households, with 25 sample households selected per cluster. A minimum of 30 sample clusters and 750 sample households were selected for the smaller districts, and a maximum of 66 clusters and 1,650 households were selected for the Western Area Urban. In studying the sampling errors for key indicators for children under 5 at the district level it was found that the 95% confidence intervals for some of the estimates were relatively wide, so for the Sierra Leone MICS 2017 it was decided to increase the sample size to have a minimum of 936 sample households for the smaller districts. The overall sample size was increased to 15,360 households.

Based on the experience of the Sierra Leone MICS 2010, it was decided to select 26 sample households per cluster (EA) for the MICS 2017. Although this very small increase of one sample household per cluster compared to MICS 2010 would result in a very minor increase in the design effects, it would still slightly improve the level of precision. Given that a 50% subsample of the MICS sample households are selected for the men’s questionnaire, it is best to select an even number of households in each sample cluster. If less households were selected per cluster for the MICS 2017 it would be necessary to select more clusters, thus increasing the survey costs for listing and transportation. Therefore, at the national level, a sample of 600 sample EAs were selected at the first stage and 15,360 households were selected at the second stage.

In allocating the sample clusters by district it was decided to have a minimum of 36 sample clusters for the smallest districts and 64 for the largest district of Western Area Urban. This resulted in a sample of 936 to 1,664 households per district. In between this range, the sample clusters were allocated to the districts approximately in proportion to the square root of the number of households in the Census frame. This approach increased the sample for smaller districts and decreased the sample for larger districts compared to a proportional allocation. Within each district the sample clusters were allocated to the rural and urban strata in proportion to the number of households in the frame.

SELECTION OF ENUMERATION AREAS (CLUSTERS)

At the first sampling stage the EAs in each stratum (district, rural and urban) were selected from the 2015 Sierra Leone Census frame systematically with probability proportional to size (PPS), where the measure of size for each EA was based on the number of households in the Census frame.

A total of 685 EAs were selected for the Sierra Leone Integrated Household Survey (SLIHS) 2017. This sample was also stratified by district, urban and rural areas, but the allocation of the sample clusters by stratum was different from that for the Sierra Leone MICS 2017. The selection procedures were designed to provide a maximum overlap of the sample EAs between the two surveys. A total of 505 sample EAs are included in both surveys, so that the listing could be shared. In these sample EAs the SLIHS sample households were selected as a subsample of the MICS 2017 sample households.

LISTING ACTIVITIES

Since the sampling frame (the 2015 Sierra Leone Census) was not up-to-date, a new listing of households was conducted in all the sample EAs prior to the selection of households. For this purpose, listing teams were formed who visited all of the selected enumeration areas and listed all households in each sample EA. In the case of large EAs (for example, with more than 300 households), the EA was divided into smaller segments. Following a quick count of the households in each segment, one segment was selected randomly with PPS in the EA for the listing. The mapping and household listing operations consisted of training of mapping and listing field staff, fieldwork (mapping and listing of households), and household selection. The training of listing staff took place from 29th November - 3rd December 2016 while the fieldwork commenced on 5th December 2016 and was completed on 12th January 2017. The household listing fieldwork was carried out by 15 teams: each team consisted of a supervisor, one mapper and one lister.

SELECTION OF HOUSEHOLDS

Lists of households were prepared by the listing teams in the field for each enumeration area. The households were then sequentially numbered from 1 to Mhi (the total number of households in each enumeration area) at the Statistics Sierra Leone (SSL) central office, where the selection of 26 households in each EA was carried out using random systematic selection procedures.

The survey also included a questionnaire for individual men that was to be administered in one-half of the sample of households. A random number of 1 or 2 specified whether the sample households with odd or even serial numbers would be selected for the men’s questionnaire in each sample cluster. All men between the ages of 15 and 49 years in the selected households were interviewed.

The Sierra Leone MICS 2017 also included water quality tests for a subsample of households within each sample EA. A subsample of 3 of the 26 households was selected in each cluster using random systematic sampling for conducting water quality tests, for both water in the household and at the source. The MICS household selection template includes an option to specify the number of households to be selected for the water quality tests, and the spreadsheet automatically selects the corresponding subsample of households.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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Seven questionnaires were used in the survey: 1) a household questionnaire which was used to collect basic demographic information, the household, and the dwelling; 2) a water quality testing questionnaire administered in 3 households in each cluster of the sample; 3) a questionnaire for individual women; 4) a questionnaire for individual men; 5) an under-5 questionnaire; 6) a questionnaire for children age 5-17 years, administered to the mother (or caretaker) of one randomly selected child age 5-17 years living in the household; 7) and a verbal autopsy questionnaire, administered to mothers (or caretakers) of all children under 5 who had died in the five years preceding the survey.

All the questionnaires were based on the MICS6 model questionnaire except for Verbal Autopsy questionnaire is not a standard MICS questionnaire From the MICS6 model English version, the questionnaires were customised and were pre-tested in Western Area Rural District between January and February 2017. Based on the results of the pre-test, modifications were made to the wording of the questionnaires. A copy of the Sierra Leone, 2017 MICS questionnaires is provided as Related Material.

In addition to the administration of questionnaires, fieldwork teams tested the salt used for cooking in the households for iodine content, observed the place for handwashing, and measured the weights and heights of children age under 5 years, as well as tested household and source water for E. coli levels. Details and findings of these observations and measurements are provided in the respective sections of the report (attached as Related Material).

Cleaning operations
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The data collection application was based on the CSPro (Census and Survey Processing System) software, Version 6.3, including a MICS dedicated data management platform. Procedures and standard programs developed under the global MICS programme and adapted to the Sierra Leone MICS 2017 questionnaire were used throughout. The CAPI application was tested in the Western Area Rural District between February and March 2017. Based on the results of the CAPI-test, modifications were made to the questionnaires and application.

Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, Version 23. Model syntax and tabulation plans developed by UNICEF were customized and used for this purpose.

Response rate
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Of the 15,605 households selected for the sample, 15,364 were found to be occupied. Of these, 15,309 were successfully interviewed for a household response rate of 99.6 percent.

The Water Quality Testing Questionnaire was administered to 3 randomly selected households in each cluster. Of these, 1,780 were successfully tested for household drinking water yielding a response rate of 98.8 percent. Also, 1,748 were successfully tested for source drinking water quality yielding a response rate of 97.1 percent.

In the interviewed households, 18,006 women (age 15-49 years) were identified. Of these, 17,873 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 99.3 percent within the interviewed households.

The survey also sampled men (age 15-49) but required only a subsample. All men (age 15-49) were identified as eligible for interview in every second household. 7,534 men (age 15-49 years) were listed in these households. Questionnaires were completed for 7,415 eligible men, which corresponds to a response rate of 98.4 percent within eligible interviewed households.

There were 11,774 children under age five listed in the household questionnaires. Questionnaires were completed for 11,764 of these children, which corresponds to a response rate of 99.9 percent within interviewed households.

A sub-sample of children age 5-17 years was used to administer the questionnaire for children age 5-17 years. Only one child was selected randomly in each household interviewed, and there were 25,116 children (5-17 years) listed in the household questionnaires. Of these, 11,046 children age 5-17 years were selected, and questionnaires were completed for 11,033 children, which corresponds to a response rate of 99.9 percent within interviewed households.

Overall response rates of 98.9, 98.1, 99.6, and 99.5 are calculated for the individual interviews of women, men, under-5s and children 5-17 years, respectively.

Sampling error estimates
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The sample of respondents selected in the Sierra Leone Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey is only one of the samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results based on the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between the estimates from all possible samples. The extent of variability is not known exactly but can be estimated statistically from the survey data.

The following sampling error measures are presented in this appendix for each of the selected indicators:

- Standard error (se): Standard error is the square root of the variance of the estimate. For survey indicators that are means, proportions or ratios, the Taylor series linearization method is used for the estimation of standard errors. For more complex statistics, such as fertility and mortality rates, the Jackknife repeated replication method is used for standard error estimation.

- Coefficient of variation (se/r) is the ratio of the standard error to the value (r) of the indicator, and is a measure of the relative sampling error.

- Design effect (deff) is the ratio of the actual variance of an indicator, under the sampling method used in the survey, to the variance calculated under the assumption of simple random sampling based on the same sample size. The square root of the design effect (deft) is used to show the efficiency of the sample design in relation to the precision. A deft value of 1.0 indicates that the sample design of the survey is as efficient as a simple random sample for a particular indicator, while a deft value above 1.0 indicates an increase in the standard error due to the use of a more complex sample design.

- Confidence limits are calculated to show the interval which contains the true value of the indicator for the population, with a specified level of confidence. For MICS results 95% confidence intervals are used, which is the standard for this type of survey. The concept of the 95% confidence interval can be understood in this way: if many repeated samples of identical size and design were taken and the confidence interval computed for each sample, then 95% of these intervals would contain the true value of the indicator.

For the calculation of sampling errors from MICS data, programs developed in CSPro Version 5.0 and SPSS Version 23 Complex Samples module have been used.

In addition to the sampling error measures described above, the tables also include weighted and unweighted counts of denominators for each indicator. Given the use of normalized weights, by comparing the weighted and unweighted counts it is possible to determine whether a particular domain has been under-sampled or over-sampled compared to the average sampling rate. If the weighted count is smaller than the unweighted count, this means that the domain had been over-sampled.

摘要
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本调查提供了基于统计学原理且具有国际可比性的数据，这些数据对于制定基于证据的政策和项目至关重要，同时也是监测国家目标与全球承诺进展的必要工具。其中，全球承诺包括源于《世界适宜儿童宣言与行动计划》、联合国大会艾滋病特别会议目标、全民教育宣言以及可持续发展目标（SDGs）的目标。
塞拉利昂MICS的结果将至关重要，因为它构成了近一半塞拉利昂基于调查的SDG指标的基础线。此外，它还将跟踪自2010年该国上次MICS以来未测量的许多指标的发展进程。
塞拉利昂MICS预计将为多个其他重要倡议做出贡献，包括填补国家后MDG报告的数据空白、评估埃博拉病毒病（EVD）的社会经济影响，以及开发塞拉利昂国家粮食安全、就业创造和良好治理国家计划、第三代减贫战略文件（PRSP3）即2012年制定的“繁荣议程”的监测与评估系统。
2017年塞拉利昂MICS的主要目标如下：
- 为评估塞拉利昂儿童和妇女的处境提供最新信息；
- 评估埃博拉病毒病（EVD）在塞拉利昂的社会经济影响；
- 为准备国家实现世界适宜儿童（WFFC）目标和其他国际发展宣言及议程的报告要求提供额外数据；
- 为国家统计系统、数据与监测系统的发展做出贡献，并加强国家在监测系统设计、实施和分析方面的能力；
- 获得关于人们在家饮用水的质量及其饮用水源质量的全国代表性观点；
- 为2030年可持续发展议程的基线数据生成做出贡献。
地理覆盖范围
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包括全国范围，涵盖城市和农村地区，以及四个地区（北部省、东部省、南部省和西部省），以及国家的14个区：（1）凯拉胡恩，（2）肯埃马；（3）科诺；（4）邦巴利；（5）卡马；（6）科伊纳杜古；（7）波洛科；（8）托科利利；（9）博；（10）邦特；（11）莫扬巴；（12）普耶胡恩；（13）西部农村；（14）西部城市。
分析单元
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- 个人
- 家庭
总体
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调查涵盖了所有法定家庭成员（常住居民），所有15-49岁的女性，所有15-49岁的男性以及所有生活在家庭中的5岁以下儿童。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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采用了多阶段、分层集群抽样方法来选择调查样本。塞拉利昂MICS 2017的抽样框架基于2015年塞拉利昂人口和住房普查。第一阶段选择的初级抽样单位（PSU）是普查登记区域（EA）。在每个样本EA中进行了新的家庭清单编制，并在第二阶段选择了样本家庭。
塞拉利昂MICS 2017抽样计划的独特之处在于其与2017年塞拉利昂综合家庭调查（SLIHS）的样本设计进行了协调。尽管SLIHS 2017的样本量和分配与MICS 2017不同，但MICS 2017的样本登记区域（EA）的选择方式旨在最大限度地重叠两个调查选择的样本EA。在重叠的样本EA中，两个调查共享了相同的家庭清单，并为SLIHS选择了MICS样本家庭的一个子样本，以便能够从两个调查的共同样本家庭中建立一个综合数据库。
样本量和样本分配
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在制定塞拉利昂MICS 2017的抽样计划时，首先检查了具有相似目标的2010年塞拉利昂MICS的样本设计和结果。MICS 2010基于480个样本集群和12,000个家庭的总体样本，每个集群选择25个样本家庭。对于较小的区，至少选择30个样本集群和750个样本家庭，而对于西部地区的城市，最多选择66个集群和1,650个家庭。在研究5岁以下儿童在区一级的关键指标抽样误差时，发现某些估计值的95%置信区间相对较宽，因此对于塞拉利昂MICS 2017，决定将样本量增加到至少为较小区提供936个样本家庭。总体样本量增加到15,360个家庭。
基于2010年塞拉利昂MICS的经验，决定为MICS 2017在每个集群（EA）中选择26个样本家庭。尽管与MICS 2010相比，每个集群增加一个样本家庭这样的微小增加只会导致设计效应的非常轻微增加，但它仍然会略微提高精度水平。鉴于50%的MICS样本家庭被选为男性问卷，因此在每个样本集群中选择偶数个家庭最佳。如果MICS 2017在每个集群中选择的家庭数量较少，则需要选择更多的集群，从而增加调查的成本，包括清单编制和运输。因此，在国家层面，第一阶段选择了600个样本EA，第二阶段选择了15,360个家庭。
在按区分配样本集群时，决定为最小的区至少有36个样本集群，而为最大的西部地区城市区有64个样本集群。这导致每个区的样本量在936到1,664个家庭之间。在此范围内，样本集群按与普查框架中家庭数量平方根的比例分配到各区。这种方法与比例分配相比，增加了较小区的样本量，并减少了较大区的样本量。在每个区内部，样本集群按框架中的家庭数量按比例分配到农村和城市层。
登记区域（集群）的选择
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在第一阶段，每个层（区、农村和城市）的EA都从2015年塞拉利昂普查框架中系统地按规模比例（PPS）选择，其中每个EA的规模衡量标准基于普查框架中的家庭数量。
为2017年塞拉利昂综合家庭调查（SLIHS）选择了685个EA。此样本也按区、城市和农村地区分层，但样本集群按层的分配与塞拉利昂MICS 2017不同。选择程序旨在在两个调查之间提供最大程度的样本EA重叠。总共有505个样本EA包含在这两个调查中，以便可以共享清单。在这些样本EA中，SLIHS样本家庭被选为MICS 2017样本家庭的一个子样本。
清单活动
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由于抽样框架（2015年塞拉利昂普查）已过时，因此在选择家庭之前，在所有样本EA中进行了新的家庭清单编制。为此，成立了清单团队，他们访问了所有选定的登记区域，并列出了每个样本EA中的所有家庭。在大型EA（例如，拥有超过300个家庭）的情况下，EA被划分为更小的部分。在对每个部分的户数进行快速计数后，随机选择一个部分在EA中进行登记。制图和家庭登记操作包括培训制图和登记现场工作人员、实地工作（制图和登记家庭）和家庭选择。登记工作人员的培训于2016年11月29日至12月3日进行，而实地工作于2016年12月5日开始，并于2017年1月12日完成。家庭登记实地工作由15个团队进行：每个团队由一名负责人、一名制图员和一名登记员组成。
家庭选择
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由现场清单团队为每个登记区域准备家庭清单。然后，家庭按顺序编号从1到Mhi（每个登记区域的家庭总数）在塞拉利昂统计局（SSL）中央办公室进行编号，在那里使用随机系统选择程序在每个EA中选择26个家庭。
调查还包括用于样本集群中每个集群的3个随机选择家庭的饮用水质测试问卷。在每个集群中，从26个家庭中选择3个家庭进行随机系统抽样，以进行家庭饮用水和水源的水质测试。MICS家庭选择模板包括指定要选择进行水质测试的家庭数量的选项，电子表格会自动选择相应的家庭子样本。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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调查中使用了7个问卷：1）家庭问卷，用于收集基本人口统计信息、家庭和住宅信息；2）在样本集群的每个集群中向3个家庭执行的饮用水质测试问卷；3）个人女性问卷；4）个人男性问卷；5）5岁以下儿童问卷；6）5-17岁儿童问卷，向居住在家庭中的5-17岁随机选择儿童的监护人（或照顾者）进行；7）以及口头尸检问卷，向调查前五年内死亡的5岁以下所有儿童的监护人（或照顾者）进行。
所有问卷均基于MICS6模型问卷，除口头尸检问卷不是标准MICS问卷外。从MICS6模型的英文版本中，对问卷进行了定制，并于2017年1月至2月在西部农村区进行预测试。根据预测试的结果，对问卷的文字进行了修改。附上了塞拉利昂，2017年MICS问卷的副本。
除了问卷的发放外，实地工作团队还对家庭中用于烹饪的盐进行碘含量测试，观察洗手的地方，并测量5岁以下儿童的体重和身高，以及测试家庭和水源的E. coli水平。这些观察和测量的详细信息和结果在报告的相应部分中提供（作为相关材料附件）。
数据清理操作
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数据收集应用程序基于CSPro（普查和调查处理系统）软件，版本6.3，包括MICS专用数据管理平台。在整个过程中使用了全球MICS计划下开发的程序和标准程序，并针对塞拉利昂MICS 2017问卷进行了调整。CAPI应用程序于2017年2月至3月在西部农村区进行了测试。根据CAPI测试的结果，对问卷和应用程序进行了修改。
使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）软件，版本23对数据进行分析。UNICEF开发的模型语法和制表计划经过定制并用于此目的。
响应率
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在15,605个选定的样本家庭中，发现15,364个家庭有人居住。在这些家庭中，15,309个家庭成功接受了访谈，家庭响应率为99.6%。
在样本集群的每个集群中向3个随机选择的家庭执行了饮用水质测试问卷。在这些问卷中，1,780个家庭成功进行了家庭饮用水测试，响应率为98.8%。此外，1,748个家庭成功进行了水源饮用水质量测试，响应率为97.1%。
在受访的家庭中，确定了18,006名（15-49岁）女性。其中，17,873名女性成功接受了访谈，受访家庭中的响应率为99.3%。
调查还抽样了15-49岁的男性，但只需要一个子样本。在每个受访家庭中，15-49岁的所有男性都被确定为有资格接受访谈。在这些家庭中，有7,534名（15-49岁）男性被列入名单。完成了7,415名有资格接受访谈的男性的问卷，这对应于受访家庭中98.4%的响应率。
在家庭问卷中列出了11,774名5岁以下儿童。完成了这些儿童的11,764份问卷，对应于受访家庭中99.9%的响应率。
使用儿童5-17岁问卷对儿童5-17岁的子样本进行了抽样。在每个受访家庭中随机选择一个儿童进行问卷，并在家庭问卷中列出了25,116名（5-17岁）儿童。其中，11,046名5-17岁的儿童被选中，并完成了11,033份儿童的问卷，对应于受访家庭中99.9%的响应率。
分别计算了女性、男性、5岁以下儿童和5-17岁儿童的个体访谈的总体响应率，分别为98.9%、98.1%、99.6%和99.5%。
抽样误差估计
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在塞拉利昂多指标集群调查中选择的受访者样本只是从同一人口中可能选择的多个样本之一，使用相同的方案和大小。每个这样的样本都会产生与基于实际选择的样本的结果略有不同的结果。抽样误差是衡量所有可能样本估计值之间差异的一种衡量标准。差异的范围无法精确知道，但可以从调查数据中统计估计。
在本附录中，为每个选定的指标提供了以下抽样误差措施：
- 标准误差（se）：标准误差是估计值方差的平方根。对于调查指标，如果它们是平均值、比例或比率，则使用泰勒级数线性化方法进行标准误差的估计。对于更复杂的统计数据，如生育率和死亡率，则使用Jackknife重复复制方法进行标准误差估计。
- 变异系数（se/r）是标准误差与指标值（r）的比率，是相对抽样误差的衡量标准。
- 设计效应（deff）是使用调查中使用的抽样方法的实际指标方差与假设简单随机抽样基于相同样本量计算的方差之比。设计效应的平方根（deft）用于显示样本设计在精度方面的效率。deft值为1.0表示调查的样本设计在特定指标上与简单随机样本一样有效，而deft值大于1.0表示由于使用了更复杂的样本设计而增加了标准误差。
- 置信区间是根据指定的置信水平计算，以显示包含指标在总体中真实值的区间。对于MICS结果，使用95%置信区间，这是此类调查的标准。95%置信区间的概念可以这样理解：如果多次重复抽取具有相同大小和设计的相同样本，并对每个样本计算置信区间，那么95%的这些区间将包含指标的真实值。
从MICS数据中计算抽样误差时，使用了在CSPro版本5.0和SPSS版本23复杂样本模块中开发的程序。
除了上述抽样误差措施外，表格还包括每个指标的分母的加权和未加权计数。鉴于使用了标准化权重，通过比较加权和未加权计数，可以确定特定领域相对于平均抽样率是否被抽样不足或过度抽样。如果加权计数小于未加权计数，这意味着该领域已被过度抽样。