Achieving Increased Resolution and Reconstructed Image Quality with Intensity and Gradient Variance Reweighted Radial Fluctuations

Localization
error due to high-density fluorescent emitters is
a challenge for reconstructing super-resolution images. The super-resolution
radial fluctuations (SRRF) algorithm can reconstruct high-density
image sequences based on fluorescent radiality fluctuations. However,
there are considerable artifacts due to high density, which lead to
a loss of resolution and low fidelity of SRRF images. This study demonstrates
the use of fluorescent gradient fluctuations for handling overlapping
emitters and proposes the intensity and gradient variance reweighted
radial fluctuations (VRRF) algorithm. The effectiveness of this algorithm
for improving SRRF was proven by means of relevant simulations and
experiments. The VRRF algorithm achieves resolution enhancement, reduces
reconstructed artifacts, and obtains high-fidelity images in high-density
data processing, including stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy
data, conventional widefield, confocal, and structured illumination
microscopy image sequences.