Gender and age specific scores of sleep quality components measured by the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

Mean differences analyzed with t tests or ANOVA; proportional differences analyzed with Pearson Chi-squared test or Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Chi-squared test. M, mean; SD, standard deviation. ☆Scores range from 0 to 3; higher scores indicate poor subjective sleep quality. *Habitual sleep efficiency was derived from the formula: hours of sleep/(get-up time - usual bedtime) *100%. ★Derived from Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) items 5b–5j; scores range from 0 to 3; higher scores indicate more sleep disturbances. ▾Derived from PSQI items 7–8; scores range from 0 to 3; higher scores indicate more daytime dysfunction.