Grid-level healthy living environment index for Japan: dataset for "Inter- and intramunicipal disparities in a healthy living environment index across Japan"

This dataset contains grid-level scores of a healthy living environment index constructed for all 466,145 populated 500-m grid cells in Japan, aggregated to all 1,740 municipalities. The index adapts the European Healthy Urban Design Index (Montana et al., Lancet Planet Health 2025; 9: e511–26) and extends it with two additional domains developed for the Japanese context: healthcare accessibility, measured by the enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method together with drive-time proximity, and food store accessibility. Files comprise a GeoPackage of grid-level indicator, domain, and composite scores with geometry; a municipality-level table of the same scores with rankings, in RDS and CSV; and a column inventory serving as a data dictionary. Both primary and sensitivity-analysis specifications are included; naming conventions and the mapping to the manuscript are documented in the README. Analysis code is available at [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21964689]. Files are restricted during peer review and will be made openly available upon publication. This dataset is derived in part from OpenStreetMap data, © OpenStreetMap contributors, available under the Open Database License (ODbL).