Supplementary Information for 'A nutrient effect on the TEX$_{86}$ paleotemperature proxy'

Supplementary Information for 'A nutrient effect on the TEX$_{86}$ paleotemperature proxy' Item ID Descriptions Dataset_S1 An updated global core-top TEX$_{86}$ data from previous compilation efforts, including Kim et al. (2008), Kim et al. (2010), Tierney & Tingley (2014; 2015), Rattanasriampaipong et al. (2022), Hagemann et al. (2023), and Varma et al. (2024). The dataset contains 2104 entries of isoprenoid GDGT fractional abundances from unique core-top sites, along with latitude-longitude coordinates, modern water depth (mbsl), calculated TEX$_{86}$ and BIT index values, and references/DOI for data sources. Filename: ds01_updated_global_coretop_tex.csv Dataset_S2 The spreadsheet containing "regionName" labels for all coretop locations. Filename: ds02_manual_regionName_assigments.xlsx Dataset_S3 A post-processed panda dataframe saved into csv file format. The updated coretop TEX$_{86}$ dataset (Dataset S1) with matched sea water properties, calculated GDGT-based indices, and matched "regionName" labels. Filename: ds03_processed_coretop_tex.csv Dataset_S4 This dataset contains statistics of gridded coretop TEX$_{86}$ data. The dataset includes the median, mean, standard deviation, and count of TEX$_{86}$ values for each grid cell with the same lat-lon dimensions as the WOA23 temperature data (0.25x0.25 degree grid). The dataset also includes the residuals of TEX86 values from the linear regression between TEX$_{86}$and the surface-to-thermocline average temperature (t_sf2tc_avg) values. Coretop TEX$_{86}$ data included in this dataset are quality-controlled by applying the thresholds of BIT < 0.5, MI < 0.5, and %GDGT-0 < 60%. Filename: ds04_gridded_coretop_tex.nc Dataset_S5 This dataset provides gridded ammonia oxidation data derived from the Global Nitrification Database (Tang et al., 2023). It includes statistics (count, median, mean, and standard deviation) of ammonia oxidation rates, as well as ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate concentrations, at each grid cell. The dataset is gridded at 0.25° × 0.25° spatial resolution for consistency with WOA23 data. Filename: ds05_gridded_AOM_ds.nc Dataset_S6 This dataset contains climatological annual means (1993–2022) derived from monthly climatologies of ocean properties. The variables included are: no3_sf2tc_avg: surface-to-thermocline average nitrite concentration no3_tc: nitrite concentration at the thermocline t_sf2tc_avg: surface-to-thermocline average sea water temperature t_tc: sea water temperature at the thermocline tc_depth: thermocline depth Filename: ds06_calculated_ocean_properties.nc Dataset_S7 Paleoclimate records with UK$^{'}_{37}$ and TEX$_{86}$ from ocean drilling sites DSDP 591 and IODP U1510 in the Tasman Sea. (to be revised with Jordan) Filename: ds07_TasmanSea_paleorecords.xlsx