Maximum parsimony tree of mtDNA haplogroup N3.

The tree includes 13 novel (marked with an asterisk and underlined accession numbers) and three previously published [50], [51] complete sequences. Mutations relative to the RSRS [51] are shown on the branches; transversions are specified with a lower case letter; underlining indicates positions which experienced recurrent mutations within the tree, while the exclamation mark (!) refers to one back mutation relative to the RSRS. Rho coalescence time estimates and their confidence intervals for haplogroup N3 and its major sub-branch N3a obtained from the complete genome clock are also shown.