Nardonella infection in adult insects of E. postfasciatus after rifampicin treatment.

*Percentage of Nardonella infection (number of Nardonella-positive insects/number of insects examined).**In the 1st generation, E. postfasciatus was reared on artificial diet with/without the antibiotic. In the 2nd generation, E. postfasciatus was reared on sweet potato without the antibiotic.***Two Nardonella-negative insects were males. Male-specific degeneration of endosymbiotic system has been known from diverse insects such as weevils, lice, mealybugs and others [4], [54], [55].