BIOCULTURAL INVENTORY. Exploring biocultural knowledge: insights from two Spanish villages

This dataset contains the biocultural knowledge inventories used in the study “Exploring biocultural knowledge: insights from two Spanish villages”. The data were collected through semi-structured surveys conducted in two villages in Spain: Arazuri (Navarra) and Felix (Almería). The dataset includes inventories of four biocultural components categories: plants, animals, practices, and traditions, as reported by local residents. For each component, the dataset records presence–absence information across individual surveys, functional and categorical classifications, and temporal status (for practices and traditions). To facilitate interpretation, locally specific practices and traditions are accompanied by brief descriptive notes explaining their meaning and context, while plant and animal entries include both common names and scientific names where available. All variables are fully documented, including detailed explanations of coding schemes. Survey identifiers are anonymized and coded by village (A1–A59 for Arazuri and F1–F50 for Felix). The dataset is intended to support transparency, reproducibility, and reuse in research on biocultural diversity, rural social–ecological systems, and the integration of local knowledge into environmental and rural policy contexts.