Seal and fish oil counteract inflammation and endocannabinoidome lipid and oxylipin alterations in DSS-induced colitis

Colitis is linked to eCBome and gut microbiome dysregulation, both diet-sensitive. In DSS-induced colitis mice, fish oil (FO) and seal oil (SO) were tested. SO, more than FO, reduced intestinal permeability and inflammation markers, while both modestly improved anxiety-like behaviour. Neither prevented DSS-induced weight loss, but they limited specific microbial shifts and restored some n-3 PUFA-derived anti-inflammatory lipids. Notably, the novel mediator 2-eicosapentaenoyl glycerol emerged as a key signature of both oils, highlighting SO especially as a potential nutritional therapy for colitis.