ALK fusions bind GRB2
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NPM-ALK, TFG-ALK and ATIC-ALK fusion proteins have been demonstrated to bind GRB2 by GST-pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation (Fujimoto et al, 1996; Trinei et al, 2000; Hernandez et al, 2002). In the case of NPM-ALK, GRB binding is independent of the recruitment of SHC and IRS1, as the GRB2 interaction is not abrogated by the mutation of the primary SHC and IRS binding site at Y567 (Fujimoto et al, 1996). Neither direct binding of GRB2 nor a defined GRB2 binding site have been identified in the context of an ALK fusion protein, and recruitment may be mediated by other adaptor proteins, including PTPN11 (Voena et al, 2007). GRB2 binding appears to contribute to the transformation potential of the ALK fusion proteins, possibly by linking to the MAP kinase signaling pathway (Fujimoto et al, 1996; reviewed in Palmer, 2009). In some ALK fusions, the fusion partner may also be responsible for activation of the MAP kinase signaling pathway, as is the case for EML4-ALK fusions (Hrustanovic et al 2015).
NPM-ALK、TFG-ALK以及ATIC-ALK融合蛋白已被证实能够通过GST-下拉法和共免疫沉淀技术(Fujimoto等人,1996年;Trinei等人,2000年;Hernandez等人,2002年)与GRB2结合。对于NPM-ALK而言,GRB的结合与其对SHC和IRS1的募集无关,因为GRB2的相互作用不会被SHC和IRS1的主要结合位点Y567突变所消除(Fujimoto等人,1996年)。在ALK融合蛋白的背景下,尚未发现GRB2的直接结合或明确的结合位点,募集可能通过其他适配蛋白介导,包括PTPN11(Voena等人,2007年)。GRB2的结合似乎有助于ALK融合蛋白的转化潜力,可能通过连接到MAP激酶信号通路(Fujimoto等人,1996年;参见Palmer,2009年的综述)。在某些ALK融合中,融合伙伴也可能负责激活MAP激酶信号通路,如EML4-ALK融合的情况(Hrustanovic等人,2015年)。
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