Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and cellular metal accumulation caused by professionally-applied fluoride products in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances

This study was to investigate the in vivo corrosion of fixed orthodontic appliances caused by APF, NGel, or FVa by evaluating the amount of metal ions in oral mucosal cells, their cytotoxicity, and their possible genotoxic effect. Buccal mucosal cells were collected before treatment (T1) and 3 months after appliance placement (T2). The cells were assayed for cell viability and underwent Papanicolaou staining. Micronuclei (MN) and degenerative nuclear alterations were scored using a light microscope. Cell metal content was quantified by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.本研究旨在通过检测口腔黏膜细胞内的金属离子含量、细胞毒性及其潜在遗传毒性效应，探究APF、NGel或FVa引发的固定正畸矫治器体内腐蚀情况。研究分别于治疗前（T1）及矫治器佩戴3个月后（T2）采集颊黏膜细胞；对采集的细胞进行细胞活力检测，并实施巴氏（Papanicolaou）染色；采用光学显微镜对微核（MN）及退行性核改变进行计数评分；细胞内金属含量则通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法（inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry）完成定量分析。