The summary of chemo-refusing reasons as shown in Table 3.

1. The doctor wasn’t sure of the benefit of chemotherapy and didn’t recommend chemotherapy.2. The patient trusted and used Traditional Chinese Medicine only.3. Economic difficulty.4. The patient was feeling uncomfortable but did other positive measures such as diet control.5. Admitting difficulty.6. Family members concealed the disease information to the patient.7. Fearing of chemotherapy or lack of family support.8. The patient was dealing with complication first and delayed chemotherapy.9. The patient was feeling despair and refused treatment.10. The patient couldn’t tolerate side effects of chemotherapy.