DATASET FROM TRENDS IN WEIGHT LOSS STRATEGIES AND SOURCES OF GUIDANCE FOR HIGH-LEVEL JUDO ATHLETES DURING THE LAST FOUR DECADES

Purpose: This study aimed to examine trends in rapid weight loss (RWL) practices and sources of guidance among high-level judo athletes over the past four decades, with attention to sex, competitive period, and weight category. Methods: A total of 686 former elite judo athletes from Brazil, Italy, Japan, and Spain completed an adapted version of the Rapid Weight Loss Questionnaire (RWLQ). The questionnaire assessed RWL frequency, methods used, and influential figures. Generalized Linear Models and correspondence analyses were applied to evaluate temporal trends and associations. Results: Approximately 79% of athletes reported always or almost always engaging in RWL. Average body mass loss before competition was 5.7%, with lighter-weight athletes and females reporting higher values. Post-weigh-in regain closely mirrored pre-competition losses, particularly in lighter categories. Over time, there was a significant increase in the influence of professionals (nutritionists, coaches, physicians) and greater use of structured strategies (exercise, fasting, food restriction). Harmful methods (vomiting, laxatives, diuretics) remained stable and low in prevalence. Conclusions: RWL remains prevalent in competitive judo. Although guidance has shifted toward professional support and safer practices, risks persist. Educational and policy measures are needed to promote healthier weight management, especially during athletes’ transition out of competitive sport.