Subsistence and personal use harvest of salmon in Alaska, 1960-2012

Subsistence fishing is important for the economies and cultures of many families and communities in Alaska. Subsistence uses of wild resources exist alongside other important uses of fish and game in Alaska and are especially important for many rural families who depend on subsistence use for nutrition and traditional cultural practices. Subsistence use is defined as the noncommercial, customary harvest and processing of wild resources for food, raw materials, and other traditional uses. These customs have been a central part of the traditions of many cultural and tribal groups in Alaska for centuries. Today, subsistence and personal use fisheries are open only to Alaska residents that have been living in the state for at least one year. The Board of Fisheries (BOF) has the authority to adopt regulations governing the use of fish resources in Alaska. In order to regulate subsistence fisheries and ensure sustainability, the BOF is directed by Alaskan state law to identify fish stocks that are customarily and traditionally used for subsistence in Alaska. After customary and traditional use has been determined for a stock, the amount reasonably necessary for subsistence is set. Subsistence and personal use fisheries are managed under different regulations and thus regulations vary by fishery and location across the state. For example, only some fisheries require a permit issued by ADFG and some waters are closed to subsistence fishing, other fisheries have season, gear, and/or bag limit restrictions. Finfish other than salmon, rainbow trout, and steelhead trout may be taken for subsistence purposes at any time in any area of the state by any method unless restricted by the subsistence fishing regulations in the Alaska Admin Code. Salmon are more strictly regulated and the fisheries require permits, only allow certain gear types, and are restricted to certain waters in the state. This dataset includes information on subsistence salmon harvest from 1960-2012 across the entire state of Alaska. The csv file "ASFDB_FullPermit.csv" has been reformatted from the original excel file ("ASFDB_Full_PermitTypeDetail.xlsx"). This processing was done using the R Markdown file, "subsistence_harvest_processing.Rmd". Each entry is a report from a specific fishery and community in Alaska including permit type, resource type, year, and harvest (both reported and estimated). For each species, harvest data include both the number of fish and the edible weight in lbs (dressed, head off). See methods for additional data considerations.自给自足捕鱼（subsistence fishing）对于阿拉斯加众多家庭与社区的经济与文化而言至关重要。阿拉斯加地区野生资源的自给自足利用，与其他重要的鱼类、猎物利用方式并存，对于诸多依赖此类获取以保障营养供给、传承传统文化实践的乡村家庭而言，其重要性尤为突出。 自给自足利用被定义为：为获取食物、原材料及其他传统用途，对野生资源开展非商业性、基于习俗的收获与加工活动。数个世纪以来，此类传统习俗一直是阿拉斯加众多文化与部落群体文化传承的核心组成部分。 如今，自给自足与个人使用渔业仅对在该州连续居住满至少一年的阿拉斯加居民开放。渔业委员会（Board of Fisheries, BOF）拥有制定阿拉斯加鱼类资源利用相关监管法规的法定权限。为规范自给自足渔业并保障资源可持续性，阿拉斯加州法律要求渔业委员会（BOF）识别那些在阿拉斯加被习惯性及传统性地用于自给自足用途的鱼类种群。在确定某一鱼类种群的习惯性与传统使用属性后，将设定合理的自给自足必要捕捞额度。 自给自足与个人使用渔业执行不同的监管规则，因此全州范围内不同渔业、不同区域的监管细则各有差异。例如，仅部分渔业需要获得阿拉斯加鱼类与狩猎部（Alaska Department of Fish and Game, ADFG）发放的许可证，部分水域禁止开展自给自足捕鱼活动，其余渔业则可能存在捕捞季节、渔具类型及/或袋限限制。 除鲑鱼、虹鳟及硬头鳟之外的鳍鱼，可在本州任意区域、以任意方式出于自给自足目的进行捕捞，除非受《阿拉斯加行政法典》（Alaska Admin Code）中的自给自足捕鱼法规限制。鲑鱼的监管标准更为严格，相关渔业活动需持有许可证，仅允许使用特定类型的渔具，并限定在本州指定水域内开展。 本数据集涵盖1960年至2012年期间阿拉斯加州全域范围内的鲑鱼自给自足捕捞量相关信息。CSV格式文件"ASFDB_FullPermit.csv"由原始Excel文件"ASFDB_Full_PermitTypeDetail.xlsx"重新格式化而来，该数据处理流程通过R Markdown文件"subsistence_harvest_processing.Rmd"完成。 每条记录均源自阿拉斯加某一特定渔业与社区的报告，包含许可证类型、资源类型、捕捞年份以及捕捞量数据（含报告值与估算值）。针对每个物种，捕捞数据同时记录了鱼类个体数量与可食用重量（单位为磅，去皮去头）。更多数据相关的考量细节，请参见方法部分。