The effect of strain on lattice alterations in quartz associated with ballistic impacts on sandstone

While destruction of heritage during armed conflict is not a new phenomenon, the targeted cultural vandalism and associated social media campaign instigated by IS/Daesh has thrust heritage destruction in the global spotlight. Even though use of explosives and contemporary weaponry has caused extensive damage to heritage sites, they are not beyond rescue. However, little is known about alteration of sedimentary stone and in particular the phase changes in quartz associatedwith these impacts. These phase changes can enhance brittleness of the quartz, and thus lowering flexural strength. These changes in flexural strength are likely to negatively affect the stone's ability to cope with environmental stress. By mapping these changes we can understand the effect of explosive strain on sedimentary stone, and enhance conservation and restoration strategies of heritage post-conflict.