The top-ten most upregulated pathways analyzed with MAPPFinder 2.1.

A p-value<0.05 and a fold change ≥1.05 were used as the criteria for gene expression changes in PCOS patients after pioglitazone treatment. The z-score is based on N = 4998 genes linked to a MAPP and R = 1355 of these genes meeting the criteria for change in expression. Changed (n): number of genes changed. Measured (n): number of genes measured on the chip. On MAPP (n): number of genes on the MAPP. Changed (%): Changed (n) divided by Measured (n). FWER p-value: Family Wise Error Rate.