Highways associated with expansion of boreal scavengers into the alpine tundra of Fennoscandia

1) Habitat fragmentation may affect species distributions through, for example, altered resource availability and shifts in species interactions. Fragmentation by roads has had negative impacts on Fennoscandian alpine ecosystems, with reduction of habitats and connectivity for alpine species. Concurrently, infrastructure development cause influx of subsidies through roadkills and litter, which may facilitate expansion of boreal scavenging species, such as the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), which may intensify negative interactions with alpine species. Hence, understanding the impact of subsidies within marginal alpine areas is imperative for successful conservation and management of particularly vulnerable alpine species. 2) We used snow tracking and camera traps in three alpine tundra areas in Norway to investigate whether the presence of boreal scavengers were positively associated with highways during winter, and if this contrasted the pattern of a critically endangered alpine species, ...1) 生境破碎化（Habitat fragmentation）可通过改变资源可获取性、调整物种间相互作用模式等途径影响物种分布格局。道路引发的生境破碎化已对芬诺斯坎底亚高山生态系统造成负面影响，导致高山物种的生境面积缩减、连通性下降。与此同时，基础设施建设通过路杀动物与道路废弃物形成资源补给流入，或会促进北方食腐物种（如赤狐*Vulpes vulpes*）的种群扩张，进而加剧其与高山物种间的负面相互作用。因此，明晰边缘高山区域内的资源补给效应，对于高效保护与管理极度脆弱的高山物种而言至关重要。 2) 本研究在挪威三处高山苔原区域开展雪地追踪与相机陷阱（camera traps）调查，旨在探究冬季北方食腐动物的出现是否与高速公路呈正相关关系，同时验证该分布模式是否与某一极危高山物种的分布模式形成反差……