Data from: A phylogenetic perspective on species diversity, β-diversity, and biogeography for the microbial world

There is an increasing interest to combine phylogenetic data with distributional and ecological records to assess how natural communities arrange under an evolutionary perspective. In the microbial world there is also a need to go beyond the problematic species definition to deeply explore ecological patterns using genetic data. We explored links between evolution/phylogeny and community ecology using bacterial 16S rRNA gene information from a high altitude lakes district dataset to describe phylogenetic community composition, spatial distribution, and β-diversity and biogeographical patterns applying evolutionary relatedness without relying on any particular operational taxonomic unit definition. High altitude lakes districts usually contain a large mosaic of highly diverse small water bodies and conform a fine biogeographical model of spatially close but environmentally heterogeneous ecosystems. We sampled eighteen lakes in the Pyrenees with a selection criteria focused on capturing the maximum environmental variation within a small geographical area. The results showed highly diverse communities non-randomly distributed with phylogenetic β-diversity patterns mainly shaped by the environment and not by the spatial distance. Community similarity based on both bacterial taxonomic composition and phylogenetic β-diversity approach shared similar patterns and were primarily structured by similar environmental drivers. We observed a positive relationship between lake area and phylogenetic diversity with a slope consistent with highly dispersive planktonic organisms. The phylogenetic approach incorporated patterns of common ancestry into bacterial community analysis and emerged as a very convenient analytical tool for direct inter- and intrabiome biodiversity comparisons and sorting out microbial habitats with potential application in conservation studies for microorganisms.当前，将系统发育数据与分布记录及生态记录相结合，以解析进化视角下自然群落的组装机制，正受到越来越多的关注。在微生物领域，同样亟需突破存在争议的物种定义桎梏，借助遗传数据深入探究生态模式。本研究基于高海拔湖泊区域数据集的细菌16S核糖体RNA（16S rRNA）基因信息，探讨了进化/系统发育与群落生态学之间的关联。研究未依赖任何特定的操作分类单元（operational taxonomic unit）定义，而是通过进化亲缘关系分析，对系统发育群落组成、空间分布、β多样性及生物地理模式进行了描述。高海拔湖泊区域通常由大量高度多样的小型水体镶嵌构成，是空间邻近但环境异质性显著的精细生物地理模型系统。我们在比利牛斯山脉选取了18个湖泊，采样标准聚焦于在较小地理范围内捕获最大程度的环境变异。研究结果显示，群落多样性极高且呈现非随机分布；系统发育β多样性模式主要由环境因素而非空间距离塑造。基于细菌分类组成与系统发育β多样性分析方法的群落相似性均呈现相似规律，且主要受相似的环境驱动因子调控。我们还观测到湖泊面积与系统发育多样性呈正相关关系，其斜率与高度扩散的浮游生物特征相符。系统发育分析方法将共同祖先信息纳入细菌群落分析，成为一种极为便捷的分析工具，可用于直接开展生物群系间及生物群系内的生物多样性比较，并实现微生物生境的区分，有望应用于微生物保护相关研究。