Energy allocation explains how protozoan phenotypic traits change in response to temperature and resource supply

To survive and reproduce, living organisms need to maintain an efficient balance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Changes in environmental conditions can disrupt previously efficient energy allocation strategies, and organisms are required to change their behaviour, physiology, or morphology to cope with the new environment. However, how multiple phenotypic traits interact with one another and with environmental conditions to shape energy allocation remains poorly understood. To better understand this type of phenotype-environment interactions, we develop a predictive framework, grounded in energetic and biophysical principles that allows us to make predictions on how metabolic rate and movement speed should change in response to environmental temperature and resource supply, differentiating between short-term, acute exposure to novel conditions and longer-term exposure that allows acclimation or adaptation. We tested these predictions by exposing axenic populations of the ..., Cell cultures Axenic cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis strain 1630/1W were obtained from CCAP (www.ccap.ac.uk) and cultured at 20 degrees Celsius in a Proteose peptone - yeast extract medium 20 g Proteose peptone + 2.5 g yeast extract in 1L deionized water. Cells were maintained in the exponential growth phase at 20°C and 100% medium concentration for about 50 days (constant temperature, no light) in two replicates. Subsequently, cultures were split across 9 different treatments (3 temperature conditions x 3 medium concentrations) and adapted to the new conditions for at least three weeks (corresponding to a minimum of 20 generations), in four replicates for each condition. Throughout the entire duration of the adaptation period, cultures were kept in relatively constant growing conditions by adopting a serial transfer regime, subculturing repeatedly into fresh growth medium. At the end of the adaptation period, cultures were further split across a wide range of temperature conditions ..., , # Energy allocation explains how protozoan phenotypic traits change in response to temperature and resource supply [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2v6wwpzvv](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2v6wwpzvv) Please refer to the original manuscript for details of methods. The code provided is meant to directly read the CSV data files with column names and other information as provided. ## Description of the data and file structure File: Tetrahymena-revised.zip Video tracking and analysis of the movement of *Tetrahymena pyriformis* This repository contains the code (mostly R) associated with the manuscript [https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.07.25.550219](https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.07.25.550219) The data are also in the repository. The **video_tracking folder** contains the Python scripts used for tracking *Tetrahymena* cells from videos recorded under the microscope. If the scripts are used on different videos, it might be necessary to change file paths and also some parameters, such as the ...,为实现生存与繁衍，生物体需在能量摄入与能量消耗之间维持高效平衡。环境条件的变化会打破原本高效的能量分配策略，生物体需调整其行为、生理或形态以应对新环境。然而，多个表型性状如何彼此交互、并与环境条件共同塑造能量分配，目前仍知之甚少。 为更好地理解此类表型-环境交互作用，我们构建了一套基于能量学与生物物理学原理的预测框架，可用于预测代谢速率与运动速度如何响应环境温度与资源供给的变化，并区分了对新环境的短期急性暴露，以及允许生物体进行驯化或适应的长期暴露过程。 我们通过将无菌（axenic）的……种群暴露于相关条件下验证了上述预测，细胞培养 梨形四膜虫（*Tetrahymena pyriformis*）菌株1630/1W的无菌培养物购自CCAP（www.ccap.ac.uk），并于20℃下在蛋白胨-酵母提取物培养基中培养：1L去离子水中添加20g蛋白胨与2.5g酵母提取物。细胞于20℃、100%培养基浓度下维持在指数生长阶段，在两个重复体系中培养约50天（恒温、无光环境）。随后，将培养物分至9种不同处理组（3种温度条件×3种培养基浓度），并在每种条件下设置4个重复，于新环境中适应至少三周（对应至少20个世代）。 在整个适应周期内，我们采用连续传代培养策略，将细胞反复转接至新鲜生长培养基，以维持培养物处于相对稳定的生长条件。适应周期结束后，将培养物进一步分至一系列广泛的温度条件中…… # 能量分配解释原生动物表型性状如何响应温度与资源供给变化 https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2v6wwpzvv 有关方法的详细信息，请参阅原稿。所提供的代码可直接读取CSV数据文件，其列名及其他相关信息均随文件一并提供。 ## 数据与文件结构说明 文件：Tetrahymena-revised.zip 梨形四膜虫（*Tetrahymena pyriformis*）运动的视频追踪与分析 本仓库包含与该研究论文相关的代码（以R语言为主），对应论文DOI为：https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.07.25.550219，实验数据也存储于本仓库中。 **video_tracking文件夹**包含用于从显微镜录制的视频中追踪梨形四膜虫细胞的Python脚本。若将该脚本应用于其他视频，可能需要修改文件路径及部分参数，例如……