Results for studies on clinical algorithms for diagnosis of smear-negative TB in patients presenting with symptoms (“rule-in”) and for screening of HIV-infected individuals (“rule-out”).

aExcluding one that generated an algorithm that was subsequently evaluated in a separate (prediction) dataset.bAdditional diagnostic procedures evaluated include bronchoalveolar lavage, nasopharyngeal aspirate, stool culture, fluorescence microscopy, PCR, urinary lipoarabinomannan, microscopic observation of drug susceptibility (MODS), endobroncheal ultrasound, repeat of smear examination after 1 mo.cThese studies also assessed effects on health outcomes.dExcluding one multi-country study [65].eExcluding two multi-country studies [65],[66].fNumber of studies evaluating effects on health outcomes.