10 m Resolution pCO2 and Air–Sea CO2 Flux (FCO2) Dataset with Model Code for Lianjiang County, China (2024–2025)

Based on in situ seawater pCO2 measurements collected during two cruises conducted in 2024–2025 in the Lianjiang coastal mariculture area, a high-resolution satellite retrieval model was developed using the XGBoost algorithm to estimate seawater pCO2 at 10 m spatial resolution from Sentinel-2 imagery. The model integrates multiple remote-sensing reflectance bands to characterize the combined effects of thermodynamic processes, biological activity, and coastal mixing on surface pCO2 variability. The trained model demonstrated strong predictive performance based on validation data, yielding high R2 (0.87) and low RMSE(6.89 μatm) and APD(1.16%) values. Using the retrieved seawater pCO2 together with atmospheric pCO2 observations and a wind-speed-based gas transfer velocity parameterization, 10 m resolution air–sea CO2 flux (FCO2) fields were further calculated. This repository includes:(1) NetCDF datasets of seawater pCO2 (μatm)(2) NetCDF datasets of air–sea CO2 flux FCO2 (mmol m-2 d-1)(3) The XGBoost model training and validation code used for dataset generation