Supplementary materials: Cost–effectiveness analysis of pembrolizumab for patients with advanced esophageal cancer at PD-L1 combined positive score ≥10

These are peer-reviewed supplementary materials for the article 'Cost–effectiveness analysis of pembrolizumab for patients with advanced esophageal cancer at PD-L1 combined positive score ≥10' published in the Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research.Supplementary materialsAim: Due to the high price of pembrolizumab, it is still unknown whether the use of pembrolizumab for advanced esophageal cancer would be a cost-effective option for patients whose PD-L1 combined positive score is ≥10. Methods: A Markov simulation model was performed based on clinical trial KEYNOTE-181. Incremental cost–effectiveness ratios were calculated to compare the two treatments. Results: The total costs were US$193,575.60 and $8789.24 for pembrolizumab and chemotherapy treatment, respectively. The pembrolizumab group produced 0.93 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), while the chemotherapy group produced 0.58 QALYs. Thus, patients in the pembrolizumab group spent an additional US$184,786.36 and produced 0.35 QALYs more than the chemotherapy group, which resulted in an incremental cost–effectiveness ratio of US$527,961.03 per QALY. Conclusion: For patients with advanced esophageal cancer whose PD-L1 combined positive score is ≥10, pembrolizumab is not a cost-effective second-line therapy versus chemotherapy from the US payer perspective.

本数据集为发表于《比较疗效研究杂志》上的文章《帕博利珠单抗在PD-L1联合阳性评分≥10的晚期食管癌患者中的成本效益分析》的同行评审补充材料。补充材料目标：鉴于帕博利珠单抗高昂的价格，目前尚不清楚对于PD-L1联合阳性评分≥10的晚期食管癌患者，帕博利珠单抗的使用是否为一种具有成本效益的治疗选择。研究方法：基于临床试验KEYNOTE-181，构建了马尔可夫模拟模型，计算了增量成本效益比以比较两种治疗方案。研究结果：帕博利珠单抗治疗的总成本为193,575.60美元，而化疗治疗的总成本为8,789.24美元。帕博利珠单抗组产生了0.93个质量调整生命年（QALYs），而化疗组产生了0.58个QALYs。因此，帕博利珠单抗组的患者相较于化疗组额外花费了184,786.36美元，并额外产生了0.35个QALYs，导致每QALY的增量成本效益比为527,961.03美元。研究结论：从美国支付者的视角来看，对于PD-L1联合阳性评分≥10的晚期食管癌患者，帕博利珠单抗相较于化疗并非一种具有成本效益的二线治疗方案。