Comprehensive Evaluation of Surface and Groundwater Quality in Jinan Old to New Kinetic Energy Conversion Start-up Zone

The Jinan old to new kinetic energy conversion start-up zone places a high priority on water ecological safety and is committed to achieving sustainable use of water resources and long-term stability of the water environment. To assess the current status of surface and groundwater quality in the Jinan old to new kinetic energy conversion start-up zone, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted using radar chart index methods, combined with Nemerow index and comprehensive pollution index methods. In February 2023, systematic sampling of surface water was carried out, collecting a total of 32 water samples, covering major water systems such as the Yellow River, Xiaoqing River, and Dasi River. In June of the same year, groundwater sampling was conducted, with a total of 50 water samples taken. After a comprehensive analysis, the surface water quality in the starting area is generally good, with most indicators above Class II water quality, and ammonia nitrogen values are higher in some areas, but still within the controllable range, mainly related to farmland fertilization, livestock and poultry breeding and villages and other surface sources and various types of point source pollution. The spatial variability of groundwater indicators in the starting area is strong, and the main indicators affecting local water quality are total hardness, total dissolved solids, nitrate, chloride, sulfate, etc., with some of the indicators exceeding the Class Ⅳ water quality standard. The radar chart index, Nemerow index, and comprehensive pollution index evaluation results were significantly correlated, indicating that the three types of water quality analysis indices selected for the study can objectively reflect the water quality conditions in the start-up zone. These results indicate that the radar chart index has good consistency and reliability in water quality evaluation and can provide strong data support for water quality management and pollution control in the start-up area. In response to the identified water quality issues, this paper proposes targeted water quality protection and pollution control recommendations, aiming to provide a scientific basis for water resource management and ecological protection efforts in the start-up zone.