Use of Kites in Shrimp Codends to Reduce Small Shrimps and Bycatch Species from F/V North Star NEC-PH2003-1 in the Gulf of Maine from February to May 2004 (NEC-CoopRes project)
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<p>This project was to test an assumption that codend meshes expended by water-borne kite would allow more small shrimps and finfish to escape from the codend. A full scale kite-assisted shrimp trawl codend was tested in a flume tank to determine kite size, number of kites, their position and installation on the codend. The resulting full scale codend was tested at sea for the pink shrimps in Gulf of Maine shrimp trawl fishery through comparative fishing using the two-vessel parallel tow method. Seventy-seven pairs of tows were completed on two rigging designs. The results did not support the assumption that codends expanded by water-borne kites would reduce finfish and small shrimp catch in the fishery. Catch and bycatch data collected throughout sea trials showed that a significant amount of fin fish bycatch still exists in the fishery even with the use of the Nordmore Grid. This is especially true for whiting for which a large amount of catch was discarded late in the season. This result indicates a need for continued effort in research and development for a better shrimp trawl to minimize bycatch in the pink shrimp fishery.</p> <p><a href=\"http://northeastconsortium.org/ProjectFileDownload.pm?report_id=845&table=project_report\" target=\"_blank\">Final report</a></p>
本项目旨在验证一项假设：搭载水上风筝的拖网囊网（codend）可使更多小型虾类与鳍鱼从囊网中逃逸。研究人员在水槽试验池中对全尺寸水上风筝辅助虾拖网囊网进行测试，以确定风筝的尺寸、数量、安装位置及装配方式。随后，研究人员针对缅因湾虾类拖网渔业中的粉红虾，采用双船平行拖网法开展对比捕捞试验，对该全尺寸优化囊网进行海上实测。两套索具设计共完成77组拖网作业。试验结果并未支持“水上风筝展开的拖网囊网可降低该渔业中鳍鱼与小型虾类兼捕量”的假设。海上试验全程收集的捕捞与兼捕数据显示，即便使用诺德莫尔格栅（Nordmore Grid），该渔业中仍存在大量鳍鱼兼捕问题，尤以白无须鳕（whiting）为甚——该鱼种在捕捞季末期会有大量渔获遭弃置。本结果表明，仍需持续开展研发工作，以优化拖网捕捞装备，最大限度降低粉红虾渔业中的兼捕损失。 <a href="http://northeastconsortium.org/ProjectFileDownload.pm?report_id=845&table=project_report" target="_blank">最终报告</a>
