Table 1 in Taxonomic analysis of the genital plates and associated structures in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata)

Table 1 (continued on next three pages). Characterisation of genital plates by previous authors, per family. When no family characters were recorded, the type genus characters are given here, and if other genera were used, these are listed. The monospecific Ophiojuridae O’Hara, Thuy & Hugall, 2021 is omitted here, because it was not known to these previous authors. The terminology was translated into the terms used in the present study, and the information was adapted to the current classification, but most original phrases were kept. Abbreviations: see list on page 13.
Scientific nameGenital plate/radial shield articular characteristics Lyman (1882) Matsumoto (1915, 1917) Martynov (2010)AmphilepididaeadGP with very long cylindroid head, abruptly changing into short flat shaft, where short flat abGP attaches (like a “lobster’s claw”)RS with socket, adGP with large, ball-like condyle; adGP not fixed to basal vertebrae; abGP short, flat, thin leaf-like; oGP short, wide, flattened, leaf-like, firmly attached to oral shieldRS with single compact, welldefined condyle; abGP similar in size to slightly smaller than adGP, both weakly developed, articulating below level of adGP condyle; ars of adGP: weakly defined symmetrically placed condyle bordered by low ridge; adGPs over proximal vertebrae not in contactAmphilimnidae [formerly in Amphiuridae]not mentionedas in Amphiuridae.not mentionedAmphiuridaeRS with small distal knob; adGP long, slender, flattened, club-headed, abGP equally long or shorter, slender, blade-likeRS with socket, adGP with ball-like condyle; adGP firmly fixed to basal vertebrae; abGP short, very wide, flattened, leaf-like; oGP short, wide, flattened, leaf-like firmly attached to oral shieldRS with single, compact, welldefined condyle; abGP similar in size or slightly smaller than adGP and articulating below level of the adGP condyle; ars of adGP with well-defined symmetrically placed condyle, bordered by a low ridge; adGPs over proximal vertebrae in contact with each otherAsteronychidae [Trichasteridae in Matsumoto 1915,1917]RS long, narrow, in pieces; adGP very wide, flat, proximally attaches to a small abGPRS long, bar-like; RS and adGP with transverse ridge; adGP long and stout, abGP are rather very small; abGP articulates with adGP near the inner ends of the latteradGP with moderate condyle; abGP much smaller than adGPAstrophiuridae [formerly in Ophiuridae]not mentionedno condyles or sockets; adGP and abGP entirely internal, very slender, articulating with each other at the endnot mentionedClarkcomidae [formerly in Ophiocomidae]not mentionednot mentionednot mentionedEuryalidaeRS stout, solid; adGP stout; abGP short, very stouttransverse ridge, long, stout, no condyles or sockets; abGP smalladGP with moderate condyle; abGP much smaller than adGPGorgonocephalidaeRS of soldered overlapping plates; adGP and abGP are specialised scales of ventral interradial disc, folded in; RS and GP regulate roof of disc as it is lowered or raisedtransverse ridge; adGP long, stout, abGP small, at distal end of adGPmoderate condyle; abGP much smaller than adGPHemieuryalidaeRS large, with thickened margins; adGP massive, shapeless, extending to oral shield; small abGP soldered to adGPadGP and abGP of either side of a radius firmly soldered togethernot mentionedOphiacanthidaeRS slightly enlarged distally; adGP thick, club-headed, somewhat rounded; abGP short, blade-liketransverse ridge or simple face; adGP and abGP not solderedRS with single weakly defined condyle; abGP similar in size or slightly smaller than adGP and articulating below level of adGP condyle; ars of adGP vary from slightly elevated elongated condyle to well-defined asymmetrically placed condyleOphiactidaeadGP stout, long, slender, cylindrical, abGP much shorterRS socket; adGP large, ball-like condyle; adGP firmly fixed to basal vertebrae, abGP short, very wide, flattened, leaf-like; oGP short, wide, flattened, leaf-like scale, firmly attached to oral shieldRS with single, compact, welldefined condyle; abGP similar in size or slightly smaller than adGP and articulating below level of adGP condyle; ars of adGP with well-defined symmetrically placed condyle, bordered by low ridge; adGPs over proximal vertebrae in contact to each otherOphiernidae [formerly in Ophioleucidae]RS short, circular; adGP flat, attached to outer end of peristomial plateessentially similar to Ophioleucenot mentionedOphiobyrsidaeRS oblong, small, short; adGP small, oval, solid, plastron-like, close to arm, meeting on its upper mid-line; near its distal end attaches to abGP short, curved, slender, longer than adGPadGP, abGP small, both only at distal genital slitadGP and abGP well definedOphiocamacidae [formerly in Ophiacanthidae]adGP flattened, with longish head; abGP long and blade-likeas in Ophiacanthidaenot mentionedOphiocomidaeadGP thick blade with rounded edges, slightly clubbed head articulating with RS; abGP short, thin, blade-likeRS and adGP with two condyles and one pit; both GPs bar-likeRS with single or few weakly defined condyles; abGP similar in size or slightly smaller than adGP and articulating below level of adGP condyle; ars of adGP with well-defined, asymmetrically placed condyleOphiodermatidae[Ophioderma was included in Ophiura]RS and adGP with two condyles and one pit; both GPs bar-likeRS with single or few weakly defined condyles; abGP similar in size or slightly smaller than adGP and articulating below level of the adGP condyle; ars of adGP with1–2 irregular massive condylesOphiohelidae [formerly in Ophiacanthidae]RS absent; Ophiomyces: adGP and abGP thin, wide, long, curved over top of armadGP long, thin, curved over dorsal arm, abGP absentnot mentionedOphiolepididaeadGP strong, with long thick head, abGP attached at a point far inward, so that the genital opening is much shortened, may be soldered to the adGP for part of its length[lumped with Ophiomusa, Ophiura and others]; two condyles, one pitRS with 1–2 weakly defined condyles; abGP similar in size or slightly smaller than adGP and articulating below level of adGP condyle; ars of adGP with weakly defined condyle, bordered by low ridgeOphioleucidaenot mentionedRS and adGP with two condyles and one pit; abGP wide, thin, leaf-likenot mentionedOphiomusaidae [formerly in Ophiolepididae]adGP and abGP stout, massive[lumped with Ophiolepis, Ophiura and others]; two condyles, one pitnot mentionedOphiomyxidaeRS small, irregular; adGP long, stout, rounded; short abGP attached at point far inward, creating a “lobster claw”simple face articular structure; abGP slender, articulates at distance from distal end of adGPwell-defined condyle; adGP and abGP smallOphionereididaeadGP long, moderately stout, club-headed, at inner part of head thin abGP extending to oral shieldRS and adGP with two condyles and one pitRS with single or few weakly defined condyles; abGP similar in size or slightly smaller than adGP and articulating below level of adGP condyle; ars of adGP with well-defined, asymmetrically placed condyleOphiopezidae [formerly in Ophiodermatidae]adGP shorter, thicker than in Ophiura, abGP inserted inside head of adGP, shortening genital slitnot mentionednot mentionedOphiopholidae [formerly in Ophiactidae]adGP thick, tapering cylindrical, abGP small, very short, curvedRS socket, adGP large, ball-like condyle; adGP firmly fixed to basal vertebrae; abGP short, very wide, flattened, leaf-like; oGP short, wide, flattened, leaf-like scale, firmly attached to oral shieldnot mentionedOphiopsilidae [formerly in Ophiocomidae]RS curved, bar-like; adGP with cylindroid head, flat at ⅓ of its length, where flat abGP attaches, prolonged to RS by slender additional pieceRS and adGP each with 2 condyles and 1 pit; adGP entirely free from basal vertebrae; abGP long, narrow, bar-likenot mentionedOphiopteridae [formerly in Ophiocomidae]not mentionedas in Ophiocomidaenot mentionedOphiopyrgidae [formerly in Ophiuridae]Ophiuroglypha irrorata: abGP small, proximally narrow, wider distally[lumped with Ophiura, Ophiolepis, Ophiomusa and others]not mentionedOphioscolecidae [formerly in Ophiomyxidae]Minute curved RS; adGP with clubbed head, rounded tapering shaft; abGP minute, flat, curvedas in OphiomyxidaeOphioscolex: adGP without distinct condyle; Ophiocymbium: distinct condyle; abGP absent in several generaOphiosphalmidae [formerly in Ophiolepididae]Ophiolipus: adGP with rounded shaft, large clubbed head, to which attaches a long thin abGP, sharing articulation with RSnot mentionednot mentionedOphiothamnidae [formerly in Ophiacanthidae]adGP above arm, long, bar-like, narrowest at outer end, curved; abGP absentadGP long, club-shaped, above arm; abGP absentnot mentionedOphiotomidae [formerly in Ophiacanthidae]not mentionedas in OphiacanthidaeRS with single weakly defined condyle; abGP similar in size or slightly smaller than adGP and articulating below level of adGP condyle; ars of adGP intermediate between slightly elevated elongated condyle and well-defined asymmetrically placed condyleOphiotrichidaeRS large, triangular, with projecting distal knobs, articulated with the clubbed knobby heads of long, stout, rounded, slightly curved adGP; abGP large, almost semicircular, continued to mouth shield by additional scale (= oGP)RS socket, adGP large, ball-like condyle; Genital plates, as a rule, firmly fixed to the basal vertebrae; abGP short, very wide, flattened, leaf-like; oGP short, wide, flattened, leaf-like scale, firmly attached to oral shieldRS with single compact welldefined condyle; abGP similar in size or slightly smaller than adGP and articulating below level of adGP condyle; ars of adGP with well-defined condyle, bordered by low ridgeOphiuridaeRS jointed to curved, rounded, club-headed adGP; abGP attached to outer end of adGP, both continued by ridge or thin plate to mouth shieldRS and adGP with two condyles and one pit; adGP and abGP bar-likeabGP similar in size or slightly smaller than adGP, at same level as adGP condyle forming lateral prolongation; ars of adGP with one welldefined condyle, bordered by rectangular low ridge; ars of RS vary across taxa (1–2 slightly conspicuous condyles, welldefined narrow ridges, or no distinct condyles)