Vodcasts as digital instructional objects in learning Malay as a foreign language: Examining its effects amongst international students

This study examines the adoption of vodcasts as digital instructional objects for learning Malay as a foreign language among international undergraduates at two Malaysian private higher education institutions. Utilising a hybrid instructional approach, it assessed the impact of vodcast learning on the achievement scores of students with different levels of foreign language anxiety and engagement in a self-directed learning environment. Findings revealed that vodcasts significantly enhanced achievement scores, while foreign language anxiety moderates the relationship between vodcast learning and scores. However, engagement levels do not significantly affect this relationship. This study contributes to academic and educational practice by proposing a theory of planned action to signify the direct relationship between vodcast learning and achievement.