Plasma glucose concentrations and memory performance.

Plasma glucose concentrations and memory performance on a word pair task and finger sequence tapping task before and after either one night of regular sleep (2300 h –0600 h) or total sleep deprivation (TSD). Before sleep or TSD but after learning (ie., 0800 h, Day 1), all subjects were provided with three meals (0900 h, 1300 h, and 1900 h) and three additional drinks (1030 h, 1500 h, and 1700 h), corresponding to 50% of their estimated individual total energy expenditure (‘low energy intake conditions’). In the high caloric intake conditions, the energy content of all meals and drinks provided were increased by means of maltodextrin (taste- and odorless carbohydrate), corresponding to 150% of the estimated individual total energy expenditure. Delayed recall was tested after consumption of a defined amount of calories at 1030 h in the morning on the day after sleep or TSD. Data are means ± SEM; significant repeated ANOVA measures effects are indicated in bold (i.e.; p≤0.05).