Long term Landsat series image and index product dataset for grassland bearing capacity assessment in Darhamo Ming'an United Banner

The Darhamo Ming'an United Banner belongs to the temperate semi-arid continental climate zone in China. Grassland serves as the largest terrestrial ecosystem in the region and plays a vital role as a part of the northern ecological security barrier in our country. The spatiotemporal distribution pattern and change trend of the grassland are important indicators for evaluating the regional land desertification status. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), as one of the most commonly used remote sensing indices for studying vegetation growth status, can characterize the spatiotemporal changes of vegetation. Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC) is a comprehensive quantitative indicator of the surface conditions covered by vegetation communities and is an essential parameter for describing vegetation communities and ecosystems. This article is based on a long time series of Landsat satellite images and generates composite images with a resolution of 30 meters for the growing seasons of Darhamo Ming'an United Banner in the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. Additionally, it calculates NDVI maximum and average values, as well as FVC maximum and average values. To ensure the reliability and accuracy of the data results, quality control measures were applied in data preprocessing, image synthesis strategies, NDVI computation, and FVC inversion. This dataset can provide robust data support for applications such as the investigation and classification of grassland resources, monitoring of grassland area changes, and analysis and assessment of grassland carrying capacity in the Darhamo Ming'an United Banner.达尔罕茂明安联合旗（Darhamo Ming'an United Banner）地处中国温带半干旱大陆性气候区。草地是该区域规模最大的陆地生态系统，亦是我国北方生态安全屏障的重要组成部分，其时空分布格局与变化趋势是评估区域土地荒漠化状况的关键指标。归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index，NDVI）作为当前研究植被生长状况最常用的遥感指数之一，可有效表征植被的时空动态变化。植被覆盖度（Fractional Vegetation Cover，FVC）是衡量地表植被群落覆盖状况的综合定量指标，亦是描述植被群落与生态系统的核心参数。本研究基于长时间序列陆地卫星（Landsat）影像，针对2000、2005、2010、2015及2020年达尔罕茂明安联合旗的生长季合成了分辨率为30米的合成影像，并计算了NDVI的最大值与平均值，以及FVC的最大值与平均值。为保障数据结果的可靠性与准确性，研究团队在数据预处理、影像合成策略、NDVI计算及FVC反演环节均实施了质量控制措施。该数据集可为达尔罕茂明安联合旗的草地资源调查与分类、草地面积变化监测、草地承载力分析与评估等应用提供可靠的数据支撑。